Nokea
Which of the following is the most frequent cause of weight loss and decrease of apetite:
- A. While using insulin medications
- B. While treated with acarbose
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. While treated with glibenclamid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin often causes weight loss and reduced appetite as a side effect due to its effects on metabolism and gastrointestinal function.
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The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied:
- A. Immediately before swimming
- B. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
- C. Immediately before exposure to the sun
- D. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or sweating.
A 3 year old child has been admitted to hospital with suspicion of an atropine overdose. Which of the following symptoms could have led to the arrival of the diagnosis?
- A. Abdominal cramps
- B. Increased gastric secretion
- C. Increased cardiac rate
- D. Papillary constriction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atropine overdose causes tachycardia due to muscarinic blockade.
The home health care nurse is visiting a client who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client is prescribed repaglinide (Prandin) and metformin (Glucophage) and asks the nurse to explain these medications. The nurse should reinforce which instructions to the client?(Select one that does not apply.).
- A. Diarrhea can occur secondary to the metformin.
- B. The repaglinide is not taken if a meal is skipped.
- C. The repaglinide is taken 30 minutes before eating.
- D. Candy or another simple sugar is carried and used to treat mild hyperglycemia episodes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Repaglinide is a rapid-acting oral hypoglycemic agent that stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion that should be taken before meals, and that should be withheld if the client does not eat. Hypoglycemia is a side effect of repaglinide and the client should always be prepared by carrying a simple sugar with her or him at all times. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic given in combination with repaglinide and works by decreasing hepatic glucose production. A common side effect of metformin is diarrhea. Correct answers include: 1, 2, 3, 4.
The nurse would expect to see an adjusted dosage in what patients? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Young adult women
- B. older adults
- C. Infants
- D. Neonates
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants, neonates, and older adults require dosage adjustments due to differences in metabolism and organ function.
A 57-year-old man was recently diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes mellitus and placed on a medication. He began having myalgias and feeling sick and later developed respiratory distress, so he went to the hospital. His pH was 7.2, and he had elevated blood lactate levels. Which drug is likely causing his problem?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glyburide
- C. Metformin
- D. Pioglitazone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect, presenting with low pH and elevated lactate levels.