It is often necessary to obtain baseline data prior to initiating many forms of drug therapy. These baseline data include what? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Education level
- B. Allergies
- C. Drug use
- D. Number of members in family
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Baseline data like education level , allergies , and drug use inform safe therapy; family size and father's occupation are less relevant.
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In the presence of pentazocine, a higher concentration of morphine is required to elicit pain relief. Pentazocine by it self has a smaller analgesic effect than does morphine, even at the highest dose, Which of the following is correct regarding these medications?
- A. Pentazocine is a competitive antagonist
- B. Morphine is a full agonist, and pentazocine is a partial agonist
- C. Morphine is less efficacious than is pentazocine
- D. Morphine is less potent than is pentazocine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pentazocine's submaximal effect and antagonism of morphine indicate it is a partial agonist, while morphine is a full agonist.
Which of the following drugs are mucolytics?
- A. Diphenhydramine
- B. Carbocisteine and mecysteine
- C. Methadone or diamorphine
- D. Atropine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbocisteine and mecysteine break mucus disulfide bonds, acting as mucolytics.
Josefina is a 2-year-old child with acute otitis media and an upper respiratory infection. Along with an antibiotic she receives a recommendation to treat the ear pain with ibuprofen. What education would her parent need regarding ibuprofen?
- A. They can cut an adult ibuprofen tablet in half to give Josefina
- B. The ibuprofen dose can be doubled for severe pain
- C. Josefina needs to be well-hydrated while taking ibuprofen
- D. Ibuprofen is completely safe in children with no known adverse effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydration reduces ibuprofen's renal risk in kids; cutting tablets or doubling is unsafe.
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug. Which information about the drug would be most important for the nurse to know?
- A. Normal dosage range
- B. Special precautions in administration
- C. Drug's most common adverse effects
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse must have factual knowledge of each drug given, the reason for use of the drug, the drug's general action, the more common adverse reactions associated with the drug, special precautions in administration (if any), and the normal dose ranges.
John has clonidine, a centrally acting adrenergic blocker, prescribed for his hypertension. He should:
- A. Not miss a dose or stop taking the drug because of potential rebound hypertension
- B. Increase fiber in the diet to treat any diarrhea that may occur
- C. Reduce fluid intake to less than 2 liters per day to prevent fluid retention
- D. Avoid sitting for long periods, as this can lead to deep vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clonidine withdrawal can cause rebound hypertension, making adherence critical.