Nokea
Bisphosphonates treat or prevent osteoporosis by:
- A. Inhibiting osteoclastic activity
- B. Fostering bone resorption
- C. Enhancing calcium uptake in the bone
- D. Strengthening the osteoclastic proton pump
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption; they don't foster resorption or enhance uptake .
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A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug. Which information about the drug would be most important for the nurse to know?
- A. Normal dosage range
- B. Special precautions in administration
- C. Drug's most common adverse effects
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse must have factual knowledge of each drug given, the reason for use of the drug, the drug's general action, the more common adverse reactions associated with the drug, special precautions in administration (if any), and the normal dose ranges.
A 24-year-old male received multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident that required significant amounts of opioid medication to treat his pain. He is at risk for a __ adverse drug reaction when he no longer requires the opioids.
- A. Rapid
- B. First-dose
- C. Late
- D. Delayed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Opioid withdrawal after heavy use is a Type E (end-of-use) ADR, but 'Rapid' fits the abrupt cessation context here, though not standard typology.
Josefina is a 2-year-old child with acute otitis media and an upper respiratory infection. Along with an antibiotic she receives a recommendation to treat the ear pain with ibuprofen. What education would her parent need regarding ibuprofen?
- A. They can cut an adult ibuprofen tablet in half to give Josefina
- B. The ibuprofen dose can be doubled for severe pain
- C. Josefina needs to be well-hydrated while taking ibuprofen
- D. Ibuprofen is completely safe in children with no known adverse effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydration reduces ibuprofen's renal risk in kids; cutting tablets or doubling is unsafe.
Methanol causes blindness due to its
- A. Hypersensitivity reactions
- B. Conjugated products
- C. Idiosyncratic reaction
- D. Oxidative products
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methanol's metabolite, formic acid (oxidative product), damages the optic nerve, causing blindness.
If the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) combined vaccine is ordered to be given as the first MMR and varicella dose to a child the CDC recommends:
- A. Parents be informed of the increased risk of fever and febrile seizures over the MMR plus varicella two-shot regimen
- B. Patients must also receive MMRV as the second dose of MMR and varicella in order to build adequate immunity
- C. Patients be premedicated with acetaminophen 15 minutes before the vaccine is given
- D. Patients should not be around pregnant women for the first 48 hours after the vaccine is given
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: MMRV has higher fever/seizure risk vs. separate shots, per CDC; second dose isn't mandated as MMRV.