Nokea
In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called a what?
- A. theory
- B. prediction
- C. hypothesis
- D. correlation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a tentative solution or educated guess that is tested through research. A theory (choice A) is a well-substantiated explanation based on evidence and extensive testing. A prediction (choice B) is a statement about what will happen in the future based on existing knowledge. Correlation (choice D) refers to a mutual relationship between two or more things, indicating how they may change together but not providing a solution to a problem.
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How should pain be assessed in a nonverbal child?
- A. Ask the parents about the child's usual behavior
- B. Observe the child's facial expressions and body movements
- C. Measure the child's blood pressure
- D. Use a pain rating scale for older children
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Observing the nonverbal child's facial expressions and body movements is crucial in assessing pain. Nonverbal children may not be able to communicate their discomfort verbally, making it essential to rely on physical cues. Asking parents about the child's usual behavior (choice A) may provide some insight but observing the child directly is more direct and reliable. Measuring blood pressure (choice C) is not typically a direct method for assessing pain in nonverbal children. Using a pain rating scale designed for older children (choice D) is also inappropriate for nonverbal children who cannot participate in such self-reporting tools.
How should a healthcare provider address concerns about a child's developmental milestones?
- A. Recommend delaying intervention until school age
- B. Provide resources for early intervention services
- C. Suggest dietary changes
- D. Avoid further assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: Providing resources for early intervention services is crucial for addressing developmental concerns and supporting the child's growth and development. Early intervention is key to improving outcomes. Recommending delaying intervention until school age (Choice A) is not advised as addressing issues early leads to better results. Suggesting dietary changes (Choice C) is not the primary approach to addressing developmental milestones. Avoiding further assessment (Choice D) can impede the timely identification and management of developmental delays.
Why is peer review important in scientific research?
- A. To expedite publication of results.
- B. To facilitate the replication of studies.
- C. To verify the accuracy and validity of research findings.
- D. To enhance the credibility of the research.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peer review is crucial in scientific research to verify the accuracy and validity of research findings. By subjecting research papers to evaluation by experts in the field, peer review ensures that the study's methods, results, and conclusions are robust and reliable. This process helps to maintain high standards of quality in scientific publications, providing credibility to the research. Choices A and D are incorrect because the primary purpose of peer review is not to expedite publication or solely enhance credibility; its core function is to validate the research's accuracy and validity. Choice B, while beneficial, is not the primary reason for peer review; replication is a byproduct of the rigorous evaluation of research methods and findings.
What is an important aspect of care for a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
- A. Monitoring electrolyte levels
- B. Restricting physical activity
- C. Administering high doses of vitamin A
- D. Providing a high-protein diet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitoring electrolyte levels. In the management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, it is crucial to monitor electrolyte levels to prevent imbalances and related complications. Restricting physical activity (choice B) is not a typical aspect of care for this condition. Administering high doses of vitamin A (choice C) is not a standard treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and can be harmful in excess. Providing a high-protein diet (choice D) may be beneficial for some conditions but is not a specific requirement for managing congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
What is the term for the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius?
- A. Calorie
- B. Joule
- C. Kilojoule
- D. Kilocalorie
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Kilocalorie. The term kilocalorie, often referred to as a calorie, is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. While Choice A, Calorie, is technically correct, it is not the most specific term for the described amount of heat. Choice B, Joule, is a unit of energy but not specifically related to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of water. Choice C, Kilojoule, is also a unit of energy but not the precise term for the heat required to raise the temperature of water by one degree Celsius.