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In the UK, the Special Education Needs & Disability Act of 2001 extended the rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities to be educated in mainstream schools. Schools are now required to draw up which of the following in order to facilitate the inclusion of pupils with intellectual disabilities and to make reasonable adjustments so that they are not disadvantaged?
- A. Inclusion strategies
- B. Facilitation strategies
- C. Accessibility strategies
- D. Availability strategies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Accessibility Strategies: Programmes extending rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities to be educated according to their needs in mainstream schools.
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A supervisor observes inconsistency in the psychiatric-mental health nurse's behavior toward a patient; the nurse is unreasonably concerned, overly kind, or irrationally hostile. The most appropriate explanation is that the nurse is displaying:
- A. countertransference
- B. empathic resonance
- C. splitting behavior
- D. transference
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Countertransference involves the nurse's emotional reactions to the patient based on personal unconscious feelings, leading to inconsistent behavior.
The intervention of highest priority for a client with stage 3 Alzheimer's disease is to:
- A. Provide a stimulating environment
- B. Maintain hydration and nutrition
- C. Set limits on behavioral disinhibition
- D. Promote self-care activities
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because maintaining hydration and nutrition is crucial for the client's overall well-being and health in stage 3 Alzheimer's. Dehydration and malnutrition can lead to serious complications. Providing a stimulating environment (choice A) may be beneficial but not the highest priority. Setting limits on behavioral disinhibition (choice C) may be challenging due to the progression of the disease. Promoting self-care activities (choice D) may not be feasible as the client's cognitive abilities decline. Maintaining hydration and nutrition is essential for the client's survival and quality of life.
Parkinson's disease results from the death of neurons that produce
- A. serotonin
- B. acetylcholine
- C. dopamine
- D. norepinephrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson's involves dopamine neuron loss, leading to motor and cognitive symptoms.
A patient with schizophrenia has been stabilized in the Crisis Center and is about to be discharged. He will be living with his family, but the family knows nothing about the patient's illness, its treatment, or the role they can play in his recovery. Which activity would be most beneficial for the family to attend?
- A. Psychoanalytic group
- B. Psychoeducational group
- C. Individual counseling
- D. Family therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Psychoeducational group. This option is most beneficial as it will provide the family with education about schizophrenia, its treatment, and the role they can play in the patient's recovery. This will help the family better understand the illness, how to support the patient, and how to communicate effectively.
Explanation:
1. Psychoanalytic group (A) focuses on exploring unconscious thoughts and emotions, which may not be as practical or helpful for educating the family about schizophrenia.
2. Individual counseling (C) may not involve the family as a whole and may not provide the necessary education and support for the family unit.
3. Family therapy (D) could be beneficial, but psychoeducational group specifically targets providing knowledge and skills needed to support the patient's recovery, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
The following condition is an indication for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- A. Serene depression
- B. Schizophrenia
- C. Autistic disorders
- D. Tourettes syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe (likely intended as 'serene') depression, especially when treatment-resistant, is a primary indication for ECT due to its rapid efficacy.