Nokea
In today's health care environment there is often more contact between the patient and the nurse than between the patient and the physician. How does this increased patient contact impact drug therapy?
- A. Choosing the best medication to treat the patient's condition
- B. Assessing the patient's preferred communication strategies
- C. Assessing the therapeutic success of the drug therapy
- D. Reducing dosage quickly when adverse effects arise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: More contact allows nurses to assess therapy success through observation and patient feedback.
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Indirect costs associated with drug therapy include:
- A. The cost of diagnostic tests to monitor therapeutic levels
- B. Health-care provider time to prescribe and educate the patient
- C. Child-care expenses incurred while receiving therapy
- D. Loss of wages while undergoing drug therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Indirect costs include societal impacts like lost wages due to treatment.
The patient looks at the prescription provided by the doctor and asks the nurse whether he can request a generic substitution. The nurse answers No when noting what on the prescription?
- A. No refills
- B. DAW
- C. Brand name used on prescription
- D. Patient older than 65 years of age
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DAW stands for dispense as written and means that the doctor does not want a generic substituted for the prescribed medication. Requesting no refills does not preclude the substitution of a generic medication. Even when the brand name is ordered, the pharmacist can substitute a generic equivalent so long as the prescriber does not write DAW. Generic substitutions are not impacted by the patients age.
Which of the following statement is not correct for insulin medications:
- A. Effective for treatment of diabetes type I
- B. Effective for treament of diabetes type II
- C. Is for parenteral use
- D. Is for intravenous use only
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin is not exclusively for IV use; it's typically subcutaneous, though IV is used in emergencies.
Frusemide is:
- A. A loop diuretic
- B. Osmotic diuretic
- C. Aldosterone antagonist
- D. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Furosemide (Frusemide) is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle, leading to increased urine output.
A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a pregnancy category B drug. The nurse would inform the patient that:
- A. Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no risk to the fetus.'
- B. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.'
- C. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.'
- D. There is evidence of human fetal risk but the potential benefits from use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus but there have been no adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh the risks.