Nokea
In type 1 diabetes there is an osmotic effect of glucose when insulin deficiency prevents the use of glucose for energy. Which classic symptom is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Polyphagia
- C. Polydipsia
- D. Recurrent infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Polydipsia is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose, leading to excessive urination and increased thirst.
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The body’s major metabolic hormone is released from the:
- A. Pituitary
- B. Thyroid
- C. Thymus
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroid. The body's major metabolic hormone, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), is released from the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism. Pituitary (A) releases various hormones but not the major metabolic hormone. Thymus (C) is responsible for immune function, not metabolism. Hypothalamus (D) regulates the pituitary gland but does not directly release the major metabolic hormone.
Fred, a newly diagnosed diabetic, is being discharged tomorrow. Which of the following should he be taught to report to his physician?
- A. A weight loss of 2 lb
- B. Having an occasional alcoholic drink
- C. Planning to play in a tennis tournament
- D. An ear infection following swimming
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An ear infection, especially with diabetes, can increase the risk of complications, and it should be reported immediately.
Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the pituitary gland?
- A. LH
- B. FSH
- C. ADH
- D. TSH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: ADH. The pituitary gland consists of two parts: the anterior and posterior pituitary. ADH, also known as vasopressin, is synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. Therefore, it is not synthesized in the pituitary gland itself. LH, FSH, and TSH are all hormones synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary gland.
A client is admitted to the hospital with Addison's disease. When discharging the client, the nurse reviews discharge instructions on nutrition. Which of the following discharge instructions are important for the client with Addison's disease regarding nutrition?
- A. Eat a diet high in protein, low in refined carbohydrates
- B. Consume two meals per day
- C. Eat foods high in potassium
- D. Drink less than 1 L of fluid per day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A diet high in protein and low in refined carbohydrates is important for clients with Addison's disease to support adrenal function and manage their condition.
A patient suspected of having acromegaly has an elevated plasma growth hormone (GH) level. In acromegaly, what would the nurse also expect the patient's diagnostic results to indicate?
- A. Hyperinsulinemia
- B. Plasma glucose of <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L)
- C. Decreased GH levels with an oral glucose challenge test
- D. Elevated levels of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In acromegaly, elevated plasma IGF-1 levels are expected, as it is a key mediator of GH effects.