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In what way wil1 the nurse handles the situation?
- A. Tell her to trust on God's love and mercy.
- B. Te1l her that death is a reality.
- C. Encourage her to keep calm because the health care team I doing their best to help Ramon recover
- D. Encourage the mother to express more about her thoughts and feelings
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this situation, the most appropriate way for the nurse to handle it would be to encourage the mother to keep calm because the health care team is doing their best to help Ramon recover. This response acknowledges the mother's concerns and reassures her that everything possible is being done for her son's well-being. It also helps to foster trust and rapport between the nurse, mother, and the healthcare team, which is important for effective communication and support during a challenging time. Promoting a sense of calm and trust in the healthcare professionals can help alleviate the mother's anxiety and stress, allowing her to focus on being a supportive presence for her son.
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Whose responsibility is it to obtain informed consent?
- A. Nurse Manager
- B. Physician
- C. Anesthesiologist
- D. Midwife
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obtaining informed consent is primarily the responsibility of the physician. Informed consent is a crucial ethical and legal concept in healthcare that requires the healthcare provider, usually the physician, to ensure that the patient understands the proposed treatment, including the risks, benefits, alternatives, and potential outcomes, before agreeing to proceed with the treatment. While other healthcare professionals, such as nurses, nurse managers, anesthesiologists, and midwives, may also play a role in the informed consent process by providing information and clarifying details, it is ultimately the physician who must obtain the patient's informed consent before any treatment or procedure is performed.
A patient with a history of cirrhosis is at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy. Which nursing intervention is most effective in preventing and managing hepatic encephalopathy?
- A. Administering lactulose as prescribed
- B. Restricting dietary protein intake
- C. Monitoring serum ammonia levels
- D. Encouraging increased fluid intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lactulose is the most effective nursing intervention in preventing and managing hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Lactulose works by promoting the elimination of ammonia in the colon through its laxative effect, thereby reducing ammonia levels in the blood. High ammonia levels are associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy. By administering lactulose as prescribed, nurses can help reduce the risk of encephalopathy and manage symptoms effectively. Monitoring serum ammonia levels is important in assessing the effectiveness of lactulose therapy, but administering lactulose is the primary nursing intervention in this situation. Dietary protein restriction is also commonly recommended; however, lactulose administration is the most vital intervention in this scenario. Additionally, encouraging increased fluid intake is important for overall liver health but is not as specific to preventing and managing hepatic encephalopathy as administering lactulose.
A patient presents with knee pain and instability following a twisting injury during sports activity. MRI reveals a tear involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Which surgical procedure is commonly performed to reconstruct the ACL?
- A. Arthroscopic meniscectomy
- B. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction
- C. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction
- D. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) repair
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common surgical procedure performed to repair a torn ACL. This procedure involves replacing the damaged ACL with a graft, often using a portion of the patient's own patellar tendon, hamstring tendon, or an allograft (donor tissue). ACL reconstruction is typically indicated for patients with ACL tears that result in knee instability and functional limitations, especially in active individuals who participate in sports or activities requiring pivoting and cutting movements. Arthroscopic surgery is commonly used to perform ACL reconstruction, allowing for smaller incisions and faster recovery compared to traditional open surgeries. Post-operative rehabilitation and physical therapy are crucial components of the recovery process following ACL reconstruction surgery to optimize outcomes and return to pre-injury activity levels.
What post operative teaching will the patient strictly follow?
- A. Reinforce that fact that airplane travel is no longer permitted.
- B. Show patient how to gently irrigate the external auditory canal.
- C. Inform physician any dizziness that develops after she is discharged.
- D. Stress that hair washing should be avoided immediately after surgery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient who had a left total hip replacement surgery due to osteoarthritis needs to strictly follow the postoperative teaching of being shown how to gently irrigate the external auditory canal because this instruction is unrelated to a hip replacement surgery. The other options are not relevant to the surgery and patient's condition. Option A about airplane travel, Option C about dizziness, and Option D about hair washing are not appropriate instructions for a patient who had a hip replacement. It is important for healthcare providers to give accurate and relevant postoperative instructions to help the patient recover successfully.
Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction is promptly managed with ____.
- A. theophylline
- B. epinephrine
- C. costicosteroid
- D. diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, are promptly managed with epinephrine. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it helps counteract the severe symptoms by relaxing the muscles in the airways, constricting blood vessels, and decreasing swelling. It acts quickly to reverse the potentially life-threatening effects of the allergic reaction and is crucial in managing anaphylaxis effectively. Other medications like antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) and corticosteroids may be used as adjuncts, but epinephrine remains the primary treatment for immediate hypersensitivity reactions.