In which conflict did the US military first utilize X-ray technology for medical purposes?
- A. World War I
- B. Spanish-American War
- C. World War II
- D. Korean War
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: X-ray technology was first utilized for medical purposes during World War I to diagnose injuries and illnesses.
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When fluid accumulates between the visceral and parietal pleural spaces, the term used is:
- A. Pericardial effusion
- B. Pleural effusion
- C. Pleural empyema
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pleural effusion occurs when fluid collects in the pleural space.
A 78-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. He scored 23/30 on his Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and his clinical presentation is consistent with mild disease. Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of donepezil?
- A. Thrombocytopenia
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Vivid dreams
- D. Gastrointestinal distress
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thrombocytopenia is not a common side effect of donepezil, while bradycardia, vivid dreams, and gastrointestinal distress are.
A 70-year-old man walks 20 minutes most days of the week. He has begun to complain of pain in his left calf when he is walking. The problem has gotten gradually worse and now he is unable to complete his 20-minute walks without stopping to rest. What choice best describes the pain associated with peripheral artery disease?
- A. A sharp, stabbing pain
- B. A dull pain and cramp
- C. An electric shock
- D. A pulsating pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Claudication pain due to peripheral artery disease is typically dull and cramp-like during exercise.
Which one of the following is most true about aging changes?
- A. Stage 3 and 4 sleep decreases.
- B. Renal perfusion is not reduced, but renal function is reduced.
- C. Hearing acuity declines beginning in middle age.
- D. Prostatic enlargement occurs only in a minority of men.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aging leads to a decrease in the deeper stages of sleep (Stage 3 and 4).
George Hall is a 91-year-old man. If the physician agrees with his daughter and does not inform George of bad news, which ethical principle might this violate?
- A. Paternalism
- B. Autonomy
- C. Authenticity
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy is violated when the patient is not informed about his medical condition.