Nokea
In which ethnic group are people over 35 years advised to have their blood glucose levels checked because of the risk of type 2 diabetes?
- A. Creoles
- B. Hindu
- C. Moroccans
- D. Turks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hindus over 35 South Asian risk rockets type 2, outpacing others' odds. Nurses screen this, a chronic ethnic flag.
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Pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most effective interventions in the management of COPD. The primary goals of this program are to:
- A. Ensure the patient eats appropriately, takes their medication as prescribed and exercises every day
- B. Involve the patient in the multidisciplinary team and knows how to manage their condition
- C. Reduce symptoms, improved QOL, increase physical and emotional participation in everyday life
- D. Prevent deterioration, avoid hospitalisation and support the carers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary rehab reclaims COPD life less wheeze, better QOL, more daily grit, physical and emotional. Diet-meds-exercise is narrow; team play's a means; prevention's a perk, not core. Nurses drive this, a chronic lift.
Which statement is true regarding CT and LP in AIDS patients?
- A. they should all have a CT prior to LP
- B. if they have no focal neurology they do not need a CT
- C. if they have a GSC of 15 they do not need a CT
- D. all of the above are true
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: AIDS LP CT skips if no focal signs, full GCS, no fever push; all hold. Blanket CT's overkill nurses weigh risks, a chronic brain check dance dodging pressure flops.
The nurse administers an IV vesicant chemotherapeutic agent to a patient. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?
- A. Infuse the medication over a short period of time.
- B. Stop the infusion if swelling is observed at the site.
- C. Administer the chemotherapy through a small-bore catheter.
- D. Hold the medication unless a central venous line is available.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vesicants (e.g., vincristine) burn tissue if they leak swelling at the site yells extravasation; stopping the IV stat limits necrosis. Fast infusion ups vein stress; small-bore risks rupture running IVs dilute it. Central lines are gold but not mandatory. Nurses in oncology prioritize this catching leaks early saves skin, a critical save in chemo land.
A 66 year old man has recently been diagnosed with hypertension. He has no history of heart disease and diabetes mellitus. His average blood pressure is recorded as 154/82 mmHg. What is the MOST appropriate first line pharmacological therapy?
- A. Angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors
- B. Angiotensin receptor blockers
- C. Thiazide diuretics
- D. Calcium channel blockers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: New hypertension at 66, 154/82 no heart or sugar issues thiazide diuretics kick off gentle, effective control, especially in older adults. ACE inhibitors or ARBs fit if kidneys or diabetes pop up; calcium blockers work but aren't first; beta blockers lag unless heart history. Nurses lean on thiazides cheap, proven for this chronic pressure nudge, keeping it simple and safe.
The nurse teaches a patient who is scheduled for a prostate needle biopsy about the procedure. Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates that teaching was effective?
- A. The biopsy will remove the cancer in my prostate gland.
- B. The biopsy will determine how much longer I have to live.
- C. The biopsy will help decide the treatment for my enlarged prostate.
- D. The biopsy will indicate whether the cancer has spread to other organs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prostate biopsy snags tissue to check if enlargement's benign (BPH) or malignant guiding treatment like surgery or radiation. It's not therapeutic , doesn't predict lifespan , and staging spread needs more (e.g., scans). Nurses in oncology stress this it's a diagnostic linchpin, setting the course for managing prostate issues, critical for patient buy-in and clarity.