Nokea
In which of the ff clients will an MRI scan be contraindicated?
- A. Overweight clients
- B. Clients with metal implants in their body
- C. Clients over the age of 60
- D. Clients with brain tumor CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An MRI scan uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's internal structures. Clients with metal implants in their body, such as pacemakers, artificial joints, or other metallic objects, may experience potential risks and complications during an MRI scan. The strong magnetic field can interact with the metal in the body, causing movement, heating, or potential damage to the surrounding tissues. Hence, it is contraindicated to perform an MRI scan on clients with metal implants to avoid harm and ensure their safety.
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Wilma is using a portable suction unit at home, What is the amount of suction required by James using this unit?
- A. 2-5 mmHg
- B. 10-15 mmHg
- C. 5-10 mmHg
- D. 20-25 mmHg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The amount of suction typically required for routine suctioning for adults using a portable suction unit at home is 80-120 mmHg for an adult patient. However, for children or individuals with sensitive airways, the recommended amount of suction is lower, ranging from 2-5 mmHg. Since the question mentions that James is using the unit at home, it is safer to assume that a lower amount of suction (2-5 mmHg) would be appropriate for his needs.
Which of the ff precautions must a nurse take while caring for clients with HIV/AIDS to reduce occupational risks?
- A. Transport specimens of body fluid in leakproof containers
- B. Seek prescription for a fusion inhibitor to reduce risk of infection
- C. Avoid administering IV drugs
- D. Avoid cleaning the clients room, esp cleaning urine, stool, or vomit
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When caring for clients with HIV/AIDS to reduce occupational risks, a nurse must take precautions to minimize the risk of exposure to body fluids that may contain the HIV virus. Transporting specimens of body fluid in leakproof containers helps prevent accidental spills or leakages that could lead to exposure. Proper handling and containment of body fluids are essential to reducing the risk of transmission of HIV to healthcare workers. This precaution is in line with standard infection control practices to ensure the safety of healthcare providers and minimize the risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens like HIV.
The nurse would expect which of the following would be included in the plan of care/
- A. Have the client drink at least 8 glases of water in the first day
- B. Administer NaHCO3 IV as per physician's orders
- C. Continue sodium bicarbonate for nausea
- D. Monitor electrolytes for hypokalemia and hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring electrolytes for hypokalemia (low potassium levels) and hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) is essential in the plan of care for a client. These electrolyte imbalances can be common in cases of dehydration and vomiting, and they can lead to serious complications if not detected and managed promptly. Hypokalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness, while hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability and seizures. By monitoring electrolyte levels, the nurse can identify any imbalances early and take necessary interventions to prevent adverse outcomes.
The nurse is explaining the action of insulin to a newly diagnosed diabetic client. During the teaching, the nurse reviews the process of insulin secretion in the body. The nurse is correct when stating that insulin is secreted from the:
- A. adenohypohysis.
- B. alpha cells of the pancreas.
- C. beta cells of the pancreas.
- D. parafollicular cells of the thyroid.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin is secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas. These specialized cells are located in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. When blood glucose levels rise after eating, beta cells release insulin into the bloodstream to help regulate glucose levels by allowing cells to take in glucose for energy or storage. Insulin also helps lower blood sugar by promoting the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscles. Therefore, the nurse is correct in stating that insulin is secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas.
A client is admitted to the ICU, which laboratory result must be reported immediately to the physician?
- A. Hematocrit 48%
- B. paCO2 38 mm Hg
- C. platelets 18,000
- D. WBC count 8000
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A platelet count of 18,000 is significantly low, indicating a condition known as thrombocytopenia, which can lead to a risk of bleeding. In a critical care setting like the ICU, low platelet counts need to be addressed urgently to prevent serious complications such as hemorrhage. This result must be reported immediately to the physician so that appropriate interventions, such as transfusion of platelets, can be initiated promptly to manage the patient's condition effectively. Hematocrit, paCO2, and WBC count may also be important parameters to monitor in an ICU patient, but the critically low platelet count poses the most immediate threat to the patient's well-being and requires urgent attention.