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In which of the ff clients will an MRI scan be contraindicated?
- A. Overweight clients
- B. Clients with metal implants in their body
- C. Clients over the age of 60
- D. Clients with brain tumor CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clients with metal implants in their body. An MRI uses strong magnetic fields, which can interact with metal implants, causing movement or heating of the metal and potential harm to the client. This could lead to serious injuries or complications during the scan. Overweight clients (choice A), clients over the age of 60 (choice C), and clients with brain tumors (choice D) do not have contraindications for an MRI scan.
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The nurse is caring for a client who had a thyroidectomy and is at risk for hypocalcemia. What should the nurse do?
- A. Monitor laboratory values daily for an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone
- B. Observe for swelling of the neck, tracheal deviation, and severe pain
- C. Evaluate the quality of the client’s voice postoperatively, noting any dastric changes
- D. Observe for muscle twitching and numbness or tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Observe for muscle twitching and numbness or tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes. After a thyroidectomy, the parathyroid glands may be inadvertently damaged, leading to hypocalcemia. Muscle twitching and numbness/tingling are early signs of hypocalcemia. The nurse should monitor for these symptoms to detect and address hypocalcemia promptly.
Choice A is incorrect as monitoring thyroid-stimulating hormone levels is not related to hypocalcemia. Choice B is incorrect as it describes signs of potential complications like bleeding or airway obstruction, not hypocalcemia. Choice C is incorrect as changes in voice quality and gastric issues are not specific to hypocalcemia.
What is the causative agent in HIV/AIDS?
- A. trichomonas vaginalis
- B. Treponema pallidum
- C. Human, T-cell lymphotrophio virus
- D. Chlamydia tranchomatis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Human, T-cell lymphotrophic virus, as it is the causative agent for HIV/AIDS. This virus specifically targets and infects the body's T-cells, weakening the immune system. Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, and Chlamydia trachomatis are all different pathogens that do not cause HIV/AIDS. Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, Treponema pallidum causes syphilis, and Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydia. Therefore, the correct answer is C based on the specific viral agent responsible for HIV/AIDS.
A nurse is completing a care plan. Which intervention is most appropriate for the nursing diagnostic statement Impaired skin integrity related to shearing forces?
- A. Administer pain medication every 4 hours as needed.
- B. Turn the patient every 2 hours, even hours. NursingStoreRN
- C. Monitor vital signs, especially rhythm.
- D. Keep the bed side rails up at all times.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because turning the patient every 2 hours helps prevent pressure ulcers caused by shearing forces. This intervention redistributes pressure, improving blood flow to the skin, thus reducing the risk of skin breakdown. Administering pain medication (A) does not directly address the skin integrity issue. Monitoring vital signs (C) is important but does not address skin integrity. Keeping bed rails up (D) may actually increase the risk of shearing forces.
A patient was diagnosed with hiatal hernia. She frequently has regurgitation and a sour taste on his mouth especially after eating large meals. Which action by the client shows understanding of her treatment regimen?
- A. elevate her legs when she is sleeping
- B. drink more fluids with her meals
- C. increase the roughage in her diet
- D. avoid caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: avoid caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate. This helps to reduce acid reflux symptoms associated with hiatal hernia. Caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased reflux. Elevating legs (choice A) does not address the underlying issue. Drinking more fluids (choice B) can exacerbate symptoms by increasing stomach volume. Increasing roughage (choice C) may worsen symptoms due to increased gastric distension. By avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate, the client can effectively manage her symptoms.
Which virus causes genital warts?
- A. Cytomegalovirus
- B. Human papillomavirus
- C. Herpes simplex virus type II
- D. Human immunodeficiency virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the virus that causes genital warts. It is transmitted through sexual contact and is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Cytomegalovirus (A) does not cause genital warts. Herpes simplex virus type II (C) causes genital herpes, not warts. Human immunodeficiency virus (D) causes AIDS and weakens the immune system but does not directly cause genital warts.