Nokea
In which of the following does cellular respiration take place?
- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Mitochondrion. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, where glucose is converted into energy through a series of metabolic processes. Choice A, Golgi apparatus, is incorrect as it is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. Choice C, Chloroplast, is incorrect as it is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, not cellular respiration. Choice D, Ribosome, is incorrect as it is responsible for protein synthesis, not energy production through cellular respiration.
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The cellular membrane contributes to all except which of the following?
- A. Cell energy production
- B. Cell permeability
- C. Cell communication
- D. Cell protection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cellular membrane is involved in regulating cell permeability, communication, and protection. However, it is not directly involved in energy production. Choice A is the correct answer because the cellular membrane does not produce energy; instead, it regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the cell membrane plays key roles in controlling what enters and exits the cell, facilitating communication between cells, and providing structural support and protection to the cell.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
- A. There is no difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
- B. Saturated fatty acids contain double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids.
- C. Saturated fatty acids often contain two or more pairs of double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids.
- D. Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds between the carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chains, making them more solid at room temperature. Choice A is incorrect because there is a significant difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Choice B is incorrect as it inaccurately states that saturated fatty acids contain double bonds, which is a property of unsaturated fatty acids. Choice C is also incorrect as saturated fatty acids do not contain double bonds, let alone two or more pairs of double bonds.
What must first occur before a cell can be divided to grow, develop, and reproduce organisms?
- A. RNA replication
- B. DNA replication
- C. Gene replication
- D. Chromosome replication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: DNA replication. Before a cell can divide to grow, develop, and reproduce organisms, DNA replication must occur. This process ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of genetic information. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while RNA, genes, and chromosomes are essential components of cell division, DNA replication is the specific process that must first occur to ensure accurate transmission of genetic material.
What is the most important function of carbohydrates?
- A. Store and provide energy for the body
- B. Create amino acids
- C. Maintain body temperature
- D. Insulate body organs against shock
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most important function of carbohydrates is to store and provide energy for the body through metabolic processes. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used as the primary source of energy for various cellular functions. Choice B is incorrect because amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not directly created by carbohydrates. Choice C is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature is primarily controlled by mechanisms such as sweating and shivering, not carbohydrates. Choice D is incorrect as insulation of body organs against shock is mainly provided by adipose tissue, not carbohydrates.
Protein synthesis begins with a process known as transcription. What is produced during this process?
- A. A codon
- B. A DNA helix
- C. A DNA strand
- D. An RNA strand
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: An RNA strand. During transcription, the DNA template is used to produce an RNA strand, not a codon, DNA helix, or another DNA strand. A codon is a sequence of nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid during translation, not produced during transcription. A DNA helix refers to the double-stranded structure of DNA, which is not produced during transcription. Another DNA strand is not produced during transcription since the process involves creating an RNA copy of a specific gene.