Nokea
In which part of the alimentary canal does most digestion occur?
- A. stomach
- B. proximal small intestine
- C. distal small intestine
- D. ascending colon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: proximal small intestine. Most digestion occurs in the proximal small intestine because it is where the majority of enzymes are secreted to break down food. This section also has a large surface area for absorption of nutrients. The stomach primarily breaks down food with acids, while the distal small intestine and ascending colon focus on absorption of nutrients and water, respectively.
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The nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about foot care. Which statement by the patient indicates that further teaching is needed?
- A. "I should wash my feet daily with warm water and mild soap."
- B. "I should inspect my feet daily for blisters, redness, or cuts."
- C. "I can use heating pads to warm my feet if they are cold."
- D. "I should trim my toenails straight across."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - "I can use heating pads to warm my feet if they are cold."
Rationale:
1. Using heating pads can cause burns or injuries due to reduced sensation in diabetic feet.
2. Patients with diabetes should avoid direct heat on their feet.
3. Optimal foot care for diabetics includes inspecting feet, washing with mild soap, and trimming nails correctly.
Summary:
A: Correct - Washing feet daily is recommended.
B: Correct - Inspecting feet daily is essential for early detection of issues.
C: Incorrect - Using heating pads can be harmful to diabetic feet.
D: Correct - Trimming toenails straight across is an appropriate practice.
Proteins are split by all of the following pancreatic factors except which one?
- A. zymogen
- B. chymotrypsin
- C. trypsin
- D. carboxypeptidase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: zymogen. Zymogen is an inactive precursor form of an enzyme that is converted to its active form by certain conditions, such as pH or other enzymes. In contrast, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and carboxypeptidase are all pancreatic enzymes directly involved in the breakdown of proteins. Therefore, zymogen does not directly split proteins, making it the exception among the pancreatic factors listed.
Where does the digestion of proteins begin?
- A. Mouth
- B. Stomach
- C. Small intestine
- D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stomach. Protein digestion begins in the stomach where the enzyme pepsin is secreted. Pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. This process is aided by the acidic environment of the stomach. In contrast, the mouth primarily starts the digestion of carbohydrates through the enzyme salivary amylase. The small intestine is where further breakdown and absorption of nutrients occur, not the initial digestion of proteins. The large intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, not digestion.
A 25-yr-old male patient calls the clinic reporting diarrhea for 24 hours. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Inform the patient that testing of blood and stools will be neede
- C. Suggest that the patient drink clear liquid fluids with electrolytes.
- D. Ask the patient to describe the stools and any associated symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient to describe the stools and associated symptoms helps the nurse gather important information for assessment. Understanding the frequency, consistency, color, and presence of blood in the stools can help determine the severity and potential causes of diarrhea. This information guides the nurse in deciding the appropriate next steps for care. Option A is incorrect as testing should be based on assessment findings. Option C is premature without assessing the patient first. Option B lacks relevance to the assessment process.
Which of the following is not a part of the small intestine?
- A. Duodenum
- B. Jejunum
- C. Ileum
- D. Colon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colon. The colon is not a part of the small intestine; it is part of the large intestine. The small intestine consists of three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine, followed by the jejunum and then the ileum. The colon, also known as the large intestine, comes after the small intestine in the digestive system. Therefore, the colon is not a part of the small intestine, making choice D the correct answer.