Nokea
In which type of cell are ligand-gated ion channels most commonly found?
- A. Cells that are terminally differentiated
- B. Cells that produce large proteins
- C. Cells that need to respond quickly to external stimuli
- D. Cells that respond to mechanic forces
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ligand-gated ion channels enable rapid responses to stimuli, common in excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells.
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A nurse is reviewing the health care record of a client who reports urinary incontinence and asks about a prescription for Oxybutynin. The nurse should recognize that Oxybutynin is contraindicated in the presence of which of the following conditions?
- A. Bursitis
- B. Brussels
- C. Depression
- D. Glaucoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxybutynin is contraindicated in glaucoma due to its anticholinergic effects increasing intraocular pressure.
Daniel has been on 60 mg of prednisone for 10 days to treat a severe asthma exacerbation. It is time to discontinue the prednisone. How is prednisone discontinued?
- A. Patients with asthma are transitioned directly off the prednisone onto inhaled corticosteroids
- B. Prednisone can be abruptly discontinued with no adverse effects
- C. Develop a tapering schedule to slowly wean Daniel off the prednisone
- D. Substitute the prednisone with another anti-inflammatory such as ibuprofen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tapering prevents adrenal suppression after high-dose prednisone; abrupt stop risks crisis.
Which of the following is seen in first order kinetics
- A. Rate depends upon plasma cone.
- B. Rate does not depend on plasma cone.
- C. Rate depends upon plasma protein binding
- D. Elimination depends upon amount of drug
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In first-order kinetics, the elimination rate is proportional to plasma concentration.
The type of adverse drug reaction that is idiosyncratic when a drug given in the usual therapeutic doses is type:
- A. A
- B. B
- C. C
- D. D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type B reactions are idiosyncratic, unpredictable responses to normal doses, unlike dose-related Type A or chronic Type C/D.
Low doses of aspirin prolong bleeding time by selectively inhibiting synthesis of the following mediator in the platelets:
- A. Thromboxane Aâ‚‚
- B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine
- C. Platelet activating factor
- D. Prostacyclin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low-dose aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1 in platelets, reducing thromboxane Aâ‚‚ production, which promotes platelet aggregation, thus prolonging bleeding time.