Nokea
Incidences of child abuse appear to be higher in the African-American community and might be explained by:
- A. The increased number of African Americans viewing violence on television
- B. More single-parent households in African-American communities
- C. Stricter child-rearing practices in African-American households
- D. A higher occurrence of rage in African Americans
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Higher child abuse rates in African-American communities correlate with socioeconomic stress and single-parent households, not violence exposure, strict practices, or inherent rage.
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The PN is caring for a client with diabetes insipidus. The nurse can expect the lab work to show:
- A. elevated urine osmolarity and elevated serum osmolarity.
- B. decreased urine osmolarity and decreased serum osmolarity.
- C. elevated urine osmolarity and decreased serum osmolarity.
- D. decreased urine osmolarity and elevated serum osmolarity.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In diabetes insipidus, the pituitary releases too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causing the client to produce a large amount of dilute (decreased osmolarity) urine and causing dehydration (elevated serum osmolarity). Choice 3 might be seen in a client with SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH). Choices 1 and 2 generally don't occur- urine and serum osmolarity typically move in opposite directions.
A hospitalized client has just been informed that he has terminal cancer. He says to the nurse, 'There must be some mistake in the diagnosis.' The nurse determines that the client is demonstrating which of the following?
- A. denial
- B. anger
- C. bargaining
- D. acceptance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Denial (Kübler-Ross's Stages of Grieving) is the refusal to believe that loss is happening.
A batterer is usually someone who:
- A. grew up in a loving, secure home.
- B. was an only child.
- C. was physically or psychologically abused.
- D. admits he has a problem with anger.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Many batterers report having been abused as children.
The nurse can best communicate to a client that he or she has been listening by:
- A. restating the main feeling or thought the client has expressed.
- B. making a judgment about the client's problem.
- C. offering a leading question such as, 'And then what happened?'
- D. saying, 'I understand what you're saying.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restating allows the client to validate the nurse's understanding of what has been communicated. It's an active listening technique. Judgments should be suspended in a nurse-client relationship. Leading questions ask for more information rather than showing understanding. Saying 'I understand' communicates understanding, but the client has no way of measuring the understanding.
In alcoholics with anemia:
- A. pernicious anemia is more common than folic acid deficiency.
- B. iron deficiency and folic acid deficiency can coexist.
- C. the alcohol interferes with iron absorption.
- D. oral vitamin replacement is contraindicated.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ingestion of nonfood substances (alcohol) can lead to a clinical iron deficiency and might actually be the first sign of a problem. The client might substitute alcohol for a nutrition program that fosters a positive health habit.