Nokea
Infections are common in people who have inadequate protein intake because of an insufficient quantity of:
- A. insulin.
- B. lipoprotein.
- C. antibodies.
- D. albumin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inadequate protein intake can lead to a decrease in antibody production, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Insulin (Choice A) is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not related to protein intake. Lipoprotein (Choice B) is a type of lipid-protein complex involved in lipid transport, not directly related to antibody production. Albumin (Choice D) is a protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure and carries various substances in the blood, but it is not primarily responsible for fighting infections like antibodies.
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Which condition may benefit from branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine)?
- A. cancer-related malnutrition
- B. marasmus
- C. cardiovascular disease
- D. severe depression
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Branched chain amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential in preventing muscle breakdown. Therefore, they may be particularly important for a patient with cancer-related malnutrition, where maintaining muscle mass is crucial. Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency, not specifically related to cancer. Cardiovascular disease and severe depression do not have a direct correlation with the need for branched chain amino acids to prevent muscle breakdown.
Where is Vitamin B12 found?
- A. Whole grains.
- B. Nuts.
- C. Meats.
- D. Legumes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
What is the maximum recommended daily intake of cholesterol?
- A. 100 mg.
- B. 200 mg.
- C. 300 mg.
- D. 400 mg.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 300 mg. The recommended maximum daily intake of cholesterol is 300 mg to reduce the risk of heart disease. Option A (100 mg) is too low, which may not provide enough cholesterol for normal bodily functions. Option B (200 mg) is also below the recommended limit. Option D (400 mg) exceeds the recommended daily intake, increasing the risk of heart disease.
What are oligosaccharides composed of?
- A. 3 to 10 monosaccharide units.
- B. large portions of partially digested starch.
- C. nonnutritive sweeteners.
- D. used for weight management.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units, making choice A the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as oligosaccharides do not contain partially digested starch. Choice C is incorrect as nonnutritive sweeteners are a different category of compounds. Choice D is incorrect as oligosaccharides are not primarily used for weight management.
In an analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount is called:
- A. indispensable.
- B. dispensable.
- C. complementary.
- D. limiting.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'limiting.' In the analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid that occurs in the smallest amount is referred to as the limiting amino acid. This term is used because when one essential amino acid is deficient, it limits the synthesis of proteins, making it crucial in determining protein quality. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. 'Indispensable' and 'dispensable' refer to the essentiality of amino acids, and 'complementary' does not describe the concept of the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount.