microbiology chapter 14 test bank

microbiology chapter 14 test bank Related

Review microbiology chapter 14 test bank related questions and content

Infections of the reproductive tract resulting from the introduction of microorganisms through a medical procedure are called:

  • A. chronic infections
  • B. endogenous infections
  • C. systemic infections
  • D. iatrogenic infections
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: iatrogenic infections. Iatrogenic infections refer to infections caused by medical or surgical treatment, including procedures that introduce microorganisms into the body. In this case, infections of the reproductive tract caused by medical procedures fall under this category.

A: Chronic infections do not specifically refer to infections caused by medical procedures.
B: Endogenous infections arise from organisms already present in or on the body, not introduced through medical procedures.
C: Systemic infections affect the entire body, not specific to infections caused by medical procedures.

Therefore, the term "iatrogenic infections" is the most appropriate choice in this context.

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A child suspected for tuberculosis underwent Mantoux test. 24 hours after allergen injection there appeared a swelling, hyperaemia and tenderness. What are the main components in the development of this reaction?

  • A. Mononuclears, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
  • B. Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
  • C. Plasmatic cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
  • D. B-lymphocytes, IgM
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mononuclears, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines. In a Mantoux test reaction, mononuclear cells, mainly T-lymphocytes, are activated by the injected allergen. These T-lymphocytes release lymphokines, leading to the observed swelling, hyperaemia, and tenderness. Granulocytes and IgG (choice B) are not the primary players in this type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Plasmatic cells (choice C) are not involved in the initial stages of this reaction. B-lymphocytes and IgM (choice D) are not the key components in the Mantoux test reaction.

Which organism is responsible for cholera?

  • A. Salmonella typhi
  • B. Vibrio cholerae
  • C. Escherichia coli
  • D. Shigella dysenteriae
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is caused by this specific bacterium. Vibrio cholerae produces a toxin that leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration. Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever, Escherichia coli can cause various infections but not cholera, and Shigella dysenteriae causes dysentery, not cholera. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Bacillus intoxication is caused by:

  • A. Bacillus subtilis
  • B. Bacillus thuringiensis
  • C. Bacillus anthracis
  • D. Bacillus cereus
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bacillus cereus. Bacillus intoxication is typically caused by Bacillus cereus, which is a common foodborne pathogen. This bacterium produces toxins that can lead to gastrointestinal illness when ingested. Bacillus subtilis (A) and Bacillus thuringiensis (B) are not known to cause intoxication in humans. Bacillus anthracis (C) causes anthrax, not intoxication. Therefore, Bacillus cereus is the correct choice for Bacillus intoxication.

Which of these viruses is a laboratory product?

  • A. Monkeypox
  • B. Variola
  • C. Vaccinia
  • D. Cowpox
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Vaccinia is a laboratory product used in smallpox vaccination.
2. Variola is the virus that causes smallpox, not a laboratory product.
3. Monkeypox is a naturally occurring virus, not a laboratory product.
4. Cowpox can be found in nature and is used in vaccine production, but it is not a laboratory product like Vaccinia.

Which of the following bacteria produce endotoxins that can lead to septic shock?

  • A. Staphylococcus aureus
  • B. Escherichia coli
  • C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three bacteria listed (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) can produce endotoxins that can lead to septic shock. Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria like E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium, can also produce endotoxins called superantigens that can trigger a massive immune response leading to septic shock. Therefore, all of the above choices are correct. Choices A, B, and C alone are incorrect because they do not account for the fact that all three bacteria listed produce endotoxins that can cause septic shock.

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