Nokea
Inflammation of the lung covering causing severe chest pain is
- A. Emphysema
- B. Pleurisy
- C. Asphyxia
- D. Hypoxia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pleurisy. Pleurisy is the inflammation of the lung covering (pleura), leading to severe chest pain. Emphysema (A) is a chronic lung disease characterized by damaged air sacs. Asphyxia (C) is a condition of inadequate oxygen supply. Hypoxia (D) is a state of low oxygen levels in tissues. Pleurisy is the best fit as it directly relates to inflammation of the lung covering and severe chest pain.
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The most common preventive drug therapy for tuberculosis is:
- A. Prednisone.
- B. Isoniazid.
- C. Gamma globulin.
- D. Aminophylline.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Isoniazid. Isoniazid is the most common preventive drug therapy for tuberculosis due to its effectiveness in treating latent TB infections. It works by killing the bacteria that cause TB. Prednisone is a steroid and not used as a preventive therapy for TB. Gamma globulin is used for immune deficiency disorders, not TB prevention. Aminophylline is a bronchodilator used for asthma, not TB prevention. In summary, isoniazid is the preferred choice for TB prevention due to its specific antimycobacterial action, while the other options are unrelated or ineffective for this purpose.
A nurse cares for a client who had a partial laryngectomy 10 days ago. The client states that all food tastes bland. How would the nurse respond?
- A. I will consult the speech therapist to ensure you are swallowing properly.
- B. This is normal after surgery. What types of food do you like to eat?
- C. I will ask the dietitian to change the consistency of the food in your diet.
- D. Replacement of protein, calories, and water is very important after surgery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Acknowledge client's concern about bland taste.
Step 2: Validate normalcy post-laryngectomy.
Step 3: Assess client's food preferences for individualized care.
Step 4: Encourage open communication for effective care plan.
Step 5: Addressing the issue holistically promotes client-centered care.
Summary:
- A: Focuses on swallowing, not taste.
- C: Addresses food consistency, not taste.
- D: Important but not directly related to client's concern.
What is the relationship between the pressures at label '8'?
- A. P outside = P inside
- B. P outside > P inside
- C. P outside < P inside
- D. P outside + P inside
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: P outside < P inside. This is because pressure decreases as altitude increases. At label '8', the pressure outside the object (presumably at a higher altitude) is lower than the pressure inside the object. This is due to the decrease in air pressure with increasing altitude. Choice A is incorrect because at higher altitudes, the pressure outside is lower than inside. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests the opposite relationship. Choice D is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the relationship between the pressures at label '8'.
Which of the following lymphocytes are involved in innate immunity?
- A. natural killer (NK) cells
- B. plasma cells
- C. CD8 T cells
- D. B memory cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in innate immunity as they are able to directly kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells without prior sensitization. They are part of the body's first line of defense against infections. Plasma cells, CD8 T cells, and B memory cells are all part of adaptive immunity, which involves a specific response to pathogens and requires prior exposure. Therefore, they are not involved in innate immunity.
Under quiet conditions, blood returning to the heart retains about ________ of its oxygen content.
- A. 25 percent
- B. 50 percent
- C. 75 percent
- D. 90 percent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (75 percent) because under quiet conditions, the venous blood returning to the heart still contains a significant amount of oxygen due to the efficient extraction of oxygen by tissues. This oxygen extraction process typically leaves around 25 percent of oxygen in the venous blood, which is then returned to the heart. Choices A (25 percent), B (50 percent), and D (90 percent) are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the amount of oxygen retained in the blood under quiet conditions. Option A (25 percent) is the amount typically extracted by tissues, so it cannot be the correct answer. Option B (50 percent) is too high, as more oxygen is extracted by tissues. Option D (90 percent) is also too high, as it overestimates the amount of oxygen retained in venous blood.