Nokea
Inhaled corticosteroids in Bronchial Asthma:
- A. Produce modest immediate bronchodilation
- B. Are synergistic with inhaled methacholine
- C. Are antagonized by atropine
- D. Inhibit IgE-antigen binding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids reduce inflammation by inhibiting IgE-mediated responses.
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I.V. fluphenzine decanoate is drug of choice in:
- A. Simple Schizophrenia
- B. Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
- C. Catatonic Schizophrenia
- D. Paranoid Schizophrenia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluphenazine decanoate is used in chronic schizophrenia, often simple type.
Which of the following is a biguanides which is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II:
- A. Repaglinide
- B. Glibenclamide
- C. Metformin
- D. Pioglitazone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the primary biguanide used for type 2 diabetes, reducing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity.
The client has a PRN prescription for loperamide hydrochloride (Imodium). The nurse understands that this medication is used for which condition?
- A. Constipation
- B. Abdominal pain
- C. An episode of diarrhea
- D. Hematest-positive nasogastric tube drainage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Loperamide is an antidiarrheal agent. It is used to manage acute and also chronic diarrhea in conditions such as inflammatory16inflammatory bowel disease. Loperamide also can be used to reduce the volume of drainage from an ileostomy. It is not used for the conditions in options 1, 2, and 4.
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to the site of injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indicates that a systemic effect has occurred?
- A. Hyperventilation
- B. Elevated blood pressure
- C. Local pain at the burn site
- D. Local rash at the burn site
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid, thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for signs of an acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the medication should be discontinued for 1 to 2 days. Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than systemic effects. An elevated blood pressure may be expected from the pain that occurs with a burn injury.
The trial period to determine effective anti-inflammatory activity when starting a patient on aspirin for rheumatoid arthritis is:
- A. 48 hours
- B. 4 to 6 days
- C. 4 weeks
- D. 2 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin's anti-inflammatory effect for RA takes 4-6 days; 48 hours is too short.