Nokea
A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who has a new prescription for an antihypertensive medication. Which of the following statements should the nurse give?
- A. Be sure to limit your potassium intake while taking the medication.
- B. You should check your blood pressure every 8 hours while taking this medication.
- C. Your medication dosage will be increased if you develop tachycardia.
- D. Change positions slowly when you move from sitting to standing.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antihypertensives can cause orthostatic hypotension; changing positions slowly prevents dizziness or falls.
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Jim is being treated for hypertension. Because he has a history of heart attack, the drug chosen is atenolol. Beta blockers treat hypertension by:
- A. Increasing heart rate to improve cardiac output
- B. Reducing vascular smooth muscle tone
- C. Increasing aldosterone-mediated volume activity
- D. Reducing aqueous humor production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers like atenolol reduce vascular tone and heart rate, lowering blood pressure.
Which one of the following is a fundamental difference between competitive and noncompetitive antagonist?
- A. Competitive and non competitive work on different receptors
- B. Competitive antagonist reduces agonist potency (increase EC50) and non competitive antagonist reduces agonist efficacy (decrease E max)
- C. There is no difference between them, they are exactly the same
- D. Non competitive antagonist causes an upward shift of the E max while competitive antagonist does the opposite
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competitive antagonists shift potency (EC50), while noncompetitive reduce efficacy (Emax), a key pharmacological distinction.
Which of the following statements about aminoglycosides is false?
- A. They have short half-lives
- B. They are bactericidal
- C. They exacerbate weakness in myasthenia gravis patients
- D. None of the Above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All statements are true: aminoglycosides have short half-lives (2-3 hours), are bactericidal, and can worsen myasthenia gravis by neuromuscular blockade.
I.V. fluphenzine decanoate is drug of choice in:
- A. Simple Schizophrenia
- B. Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
- C. Catatonic Schizophrenia
- D. Paranoid Schizophrenia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluphenazine decanoate is used in chronic schizophrenia, often simple type.
You are treating a patient with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The patient's wife mentions difficulty with transportation to the clinic. Which medication is the best choice?
- A. Donepezil
- B. Tacrine
- C. Doxazosin
- D. Verapamil
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Donepezil, with once-daily dosing, is practical for patients with transportation issues.