Nokea
Inhaled medications, such as bronchodilators and glucocorticoids are the main medication treatment methods for COPD. What is the biggest reason for ineffective outcomes?
- A. Patient compliance with dose prescription
- B. Incorrect use of the device
- C. Incorrect prescribing
- D. Reduced drug inhalation due to respiratory disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: COPD inhalers flop most when puffed wrong technique, not timing, trumps compliance, bad scripts, or weak lungs. Spacers, shaky hands nurses fix this, a chronic breath's weak link.
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In the UK, orthognathic surgery is likely to:
- A. Be undertaken in specialist craniofacial surgery units rather than in maxillofacial surgery units.
- B. Be associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
- C. Require a nasal rather than an oral tracheal tube when a Le Fort I osteotomy is performed.
- D. Require admission of the patient to a high-dependency unit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orthognathic surgery corrects jaw deformities in the UK, typically by maxillofacial surgeons, not solely craniofacial units (reserved for complex congenital cases). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common due to blood swallowing, prolonged surgery, and opioids risk factors per Apfel criteria. Le Fort I osteotomy (maxillary) often uses oral intubation; nasal tubes suit mandibular focus or surgeon preference, not a requirement. High-dependency unit (HDU) admission isn't routine most recover in general wards unless complications (e.g., airway) arise. Cleft palate repair precedes, not follows, orthognathic work. PONV's prevalence reflects surgical and anaesthetic challenges, necessitating robust antiemetic prophylaxis.
Which nursing action should be included in the plan of care for a client returning to the surgical unit following a left modified radical mastectomy with dissection of axillary lymph nodes?
- A. Obtain permanent breast prosthesis before the patient is discharged from the hospital
- B. Teach the patient to use the ordered patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) every 10 minutes
- C. Place a pink bracelet on the client warning against venipunctures or blood pressures in the left arm
- D. Insist that the patient examine the surgical incision when the initial dressings are removed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mastectomy with axillary dissection risks lymphedema a pink bracelet flags the left arm, barring venipuncture or BP cuffs to prevent swelling, a priority in post-op care. Prosthesis comes later, post-healing. PCA teaching avoids rigid timing PRN's key. Forcing incision checks risks distress, not healing. Nurses lock in this bracelet, safeguarding lymph flow, a must-do in this surgical aftermath to dodge chronic arm woes.
According to Johnson and Chang (2014), people living with chronic illness are more likely than the general population to:
- A. Have significantly reduced activity and subsequent loss of independence
- B. Be required to see their doctor more regularly
- C. Experience periods of hospitalisation as a consequence of acute flare-ups of their underlying chronic disease
- D. Stay home and reduce their activity and social interactions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic illness curbs activity arthritis, COPD slash mobility, stealing independence, a standout hit over frequent doctor visits, hospital stays from flares, or self-imposed isolation. Those ripple too, but reduced function's the core burden, reshaping daily life. Nurses prioritize this, boosting support, a chronic truth where physical loss leads.
Erysipelas
- A. responds to erythromycin
- B. is caused strep pneumoniae
- C. results from microorganism exotoxin production
- D. typically occurs on the neck
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erysipelas erythro clears strep pyogenes, not pneumo, toxins, neck-only, or TEN's peel. Nurses dose this chronic red edge.
How do oxygen radicals react with different molecules?
- A. By accepting an electron
- B. By donating an electron
- C. By accepting a proton
- D. By donating a proton
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen radicals grab electrons unpaired, they steal, wrecking cells, not giving or juggling protons. A chronic chaos starter nurses know this chemistry bite.