Exam Questions on Respiratory System

Exam Questions on Respiratory System Related

Review Exam Questions on Respiratory System related questions and content

Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles has what effect on respiratory rate, elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and arterial PCO2?

  • A. increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial
    PCO2
  • B. increased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial
    PCO2
  • C. increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial
    PCO2
  • D. decreased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial
    PCO2
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles would decrease respiratory rate, leading to decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli. This would cause an increase in arterial PCO2 due to less CO2 being removed from the body. Therefore, choice D is correct.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the physiological effects of inhibiting the medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles. Option A suggests an increase in respiratory rate and elimination of CO2, which goes against the expected decrease in these parameters. Option B proposes an increase in respiratory rate but a decrease in CO2 elimination and arterial PCO2, which is inconsistent with the expected outcomes. Option C suggests an increase in respiratory rate and CO2 elimination but a decrease in arterial PCO2, which does not follow the logic of the question.

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A patient asks the nurse why an infection in his upper respiratory system is affecting the clarity of his speech. Which structure serves as the patient's resonating chamber in speech?

  • A. Trachea
  • B. Pharynx
  • C. Paranasal sinuses
  • D. Larynx
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The paranasal sinuses act as resonating chambers in speech production due to their location near the nasal cavity and their ability to amplify sound vibrations. When infected, the sinuses can become inflamed, affecting speech clarity. The trachea (A) is a passageway for air, not involved in speech. The pharynx (B) is a common pathway for both air and food, not a resonating chamber. The larynx (D) contains the vocal cords for sound production but is not primarily responsible for speech resonance.

Which of the following gas mixture is used by Divers to prevent Oxygen toxicity

  • A. Oxygen and CO2
  • B. Oxygen and Nitrogen
  • C. Oxygen and rare gases
  • D. Oxygen, CO2 and Nitrogen
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxygen and Nitrogen. This gas mixture is used by divers to prevent Oxygen toxicity because it closely mimics the composition of the air we breathe. Oxygen toxicity can occur at high partial pressures of Oxygen, which can lead to seizures and other serious health issues. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because CO2 and rare gases are not typically used in diving gas mixtures, and including CO2 in the mixture can increase the risk of Oxygen toxicity. Nitrogen is used as a diluent to reduce the partial pressure of Oxygen, making it safer for divers.

Hemoglobin affinity for Oxygen is to the P50 (O2 tension that produces 50% saturation of Hb)

  • A. Directly related
  • B. Inversely related
  • C. Not related
  • D. Related
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is inversely related to P50. When P50 is lower, hemoglobin has higher affinity for oxygen, meaning it binds oxygen more readily at lower oxygen tensions. Conversely, when P50 is higher, hemoglobin has lower affinity for oxygen. This relationship is crucial for the efficient loading and unloading of oxygen in tissues. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is not directly related, unrelated, or simply related to P50.

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center(s).

  • A. apneustic
  • B. pneumotaxic
  • C. DRG and VRG
  • D. expiratory
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) and Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) are the centers in the brainstem responsible for controlling the rate and depth of breathing. The DRG primarily regulates inspiration, while the VRG is involved in both inspiration and expiration. The apneustic and pneumotaxic centers (choices A and B) are subregions within the pons that modulate the activity of the DRG and VRG but do not establish the baseline rate and depth of breathing. The expiratory center (choice D) is responsible for controlling only the expiratory phase of breathing and is not involved in setting the normal rate and depth of breathing.

A sputum study has been ordered for a patient who has developed coarse chest crackles and a fever. At what time should the nurse best collect the sample?

  • A. Immediately after a meal
  • B. First thing in the morning
  • C. At bedtime
  • D. After a period of exercise
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: First thing in the morning. Sputum should be collected in the morning because it is usually more concentrated, making it easier to obtain a good sample. This is important for accurate analysis and identifying potential pathogens causing the patient's symptoms. Collecting sputum immediately after a meal may result in contamination with food particles. At bedtime, sputum may have accumulated overnight, but morning samples are still preferred due to concentration. Collecting sputum after a period of exercise may introduce respiratory secretions not reflective of the underlying condition.

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