Nokea
___ is/are responsible for the transmission of impulses between synapses.
Correct Answer: Neurotransmitters
Rationale: Neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) function to conduct transmission between the synapses.
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The nurse assures an anxious family member of a 92-year-old patient who is demonstrating signs of dementia that many causes of dementia are reversible and preventable. Which disorder is one example?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Diabetes
- D. Parkinson disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Some forms of dementia are reversible. Dementia caused by hypotension, anemia, drug toxicity, metabolic disturbance, and malnutrition can all be corrected to abolish the dementia.
The nurse is aware that the characteristic gait of the person with Parkinson disease is a propulsive gait, which causes the patient to walk in which manner?
- A. stagger and need support of a walker.
- B. shuffle with arms flexed.
- C. fall over to one side when walking.
- D. take small steps balanced on the toes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The propulsive gait causes the patient to shuffle with his arms flexed and with a loss of postural reflexes.
An 83-year-old patient has had a stroke. The patient is right handed and has a history of hypertension and 'little' strokes. The patient presents with right hemiplegia. To afford the patient the best visual field, the nurse will approach the patient in which manner?
- A. from the right side.
- B. from the left side.
- C. from the center.
- D. from either side.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Another perceptual problem is hemianopia, which is characterized by defective vision or blindness in half of the visual field. If the patient has hemianopia, which is common, the patient should be approached from the nonparalyzed side for care.
Which effect is a factor of normal aging on the nervous system?
- A. Small vessel occlusion
- B. Loss of neurons
- C. Calcification of cerebrum
- D. Reduction of cerebral blood flow
- E. Lipofuscin
- F. Decrease in oxygen use
Correct Answer: B,D,E,F
Rationale: As the person ages, normal age-related changes occur such as loss of neurons, reduction of cerebral blood flow, appearance of lipofuscin, a decrease in oxygen use and brain metabolism, and a decline in velocity of nerve impulses.
Which food should the person who experiences migraine headaches avoid?
- A. Yogurt
- B. Caffeine
- C. Beef
- D. Pears
- E. Marinated foods
- F. Milk
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Some foods may cause or worsen headaches. Foods that may provoke headaches include vinegar, chocolate, yogurt, alcohol, fermented or marinated foods, ripened cheese, cured sandwich meat, caffeine, and pork.