Nokea
Isoproterenol produces maximal contraction of cardiac muscle in a manner similar to epinephrine. Which of the following best describe isoproterenol?
- A. Fuller agonist
- B. Partial agonist
- C. Irreversible antagonist
- D. Inverse agonist
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isoproterenol's maximal effect similar to epinephrine indicates it is a full agonist at beta receptors.
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A patient may develop neutropenia from using topical Silvadene for burns. Neutropenia is a(n):
- A. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
- B. Immune complex hypersensitivity
- C. Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
- D. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neutropenia from Silvadene (silver sulfadiazine) is a Type II cytotoxic reaction , targeting blood cells, not immune complex , immediate , or delayed .
Which statement accurately describes a drug agonist?
- A. A drug that reacts with specific receptor sites on a cell and prevents the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site on that cell
- B. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalysts for different chemical reactions
- C. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site
- D. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with certain receptor sites, preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions.
Patrick is a 10-year-old patient who presents with uncomfortable constipation. Along with diet changes, a laxative is ordered to provide more rapid relief of constipation. An appropriate choice of medication for a 10-year-old child would be:
- A. PEG 3350 (Miralax)
- B. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) suppository
- C. Docusate (Colace) suppository
- D. Polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PEG 3350 is safe and effective for kids; suppositories (B, C) are less preferred, and PEG solution is for bowel prep.
The nurse is caring for a patient scheduled for surgery this morning who is not to be given anything orally. The nurse reviews the medication administration record and finds the patient has an important medication due but it is supposed to be given orally. What is the nurse's best action?
- A. Give the medication with a small sip of water.
- B. Give the medication via a different route.
- C. Hold the medication and put a note on the front of the chart for the surgeon.
- D. Call the ordering health care provider and clarify administration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NPO status requires physician clarification to ensure safety and appropriateness of administration.
A nurse is assessing a client's IV infusion site. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of phlebitis?
- A. Factor
- B. Darkness
- C. Erythema
- D. Coolness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erythema and pain are classic signs of phlebitis, inflammation of the vein.