Nokea
Isovolumic contraction phase of ventricular systole occurs during which of the following phases of central venous pressure, approximately
- A. From nadir of y descent to peak of a wave
- B. From peak of a wave to trough of x wave
- C. From trough of x wave to peak of c wave
- D. From peak of c wave to trough of x' descent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Isovolumic contraction occurs from the trough of the x wave to the peak of the c wave.
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Regarding cough receptors:
- A. There is increased sensitivity in viral infections
- B. ~2-agonists decrease the sensitivity of cough receptors
- C. Exercise can stimulate the cough receptors in asthmatics
- D. They are predominantly seen in the large airways
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cough receptor sensitivity increases during viral infections, leading to heightened cough reflex.
The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. The child's parent asks the nurse, 'How does Kawasaki disease affect my child's heart and blood vessels?' On what understanding is the nurse's response based?
- A. Inflammation weakens blood vessels, leading to aneurysm.
- B. Increased lipid levels lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
- C. Untreated disease causes mitral valve stenosis.
- D. Altered blood flow increases cardiac workload with resulting heart failure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inflammation of vessels weakens the walls of the vessels and often results in aneurysm.
Which clinical manifestation is included in toxic shock syndrome?
- A. Severe hypertension
- B. Subnormal temperature
- C. Erythematous macular rash
- D. Papular rash over extremities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: One of the diagnostic criteria for toxic shock syndrome is a diffuse macular erythroderma. Hypotension is one of the manifestations. Fever of 38.9° C or higher is a characteristic. Desquamation of the palms and soles of the feet occurs in about 1 to 2 weeks.
Clinical manifestations of haemophilia include:
- A. Bleeding following neonatal intramuscular injection
- B. Intracranial bleeding
- C. Gingival bleeding
- D. Menorrhagia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intracranial bleeding is a serious and potentially life-threatening manifestation of hemophilia, particularly in severe cases.
Drug combinations recommended to be avoided include all, except
- A. Metronidazole and Warfarin
- B. Furosemide and Gentamicin
- C. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and beta blockers
- D. Omega-3 and Antiplatelets
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Omega-3 and antiplatelets are not typically a contraindicated combination.