Nokea
It is customary to administer systemic corticosteroids early in the morning because:
- A. This prevents early morning bronchospasms
- B. To inhibit adrenocorticotrophic hormone over secretion
- C. To achieve high plasma concentrations throughout the day
- D. To prevent adrenocortex suppression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morning dosing aligns with cortisol peaks, minimizing adrenal suppression.
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The mean weight of 500 college students is 70 kg and the standard deviation is 3 kg. Assuming that the weight is normally distributed, determine how many students weigh less than 64 kg.
- A. 5
- B. 11
- C. 15
- D. 20
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Z-score: (64-70)/3 = -2. P(Z < -2) = 1 - P(Z ≤ 2). Using standard tables, P(Z ≤ 2) ≈ 0.9772, so P(Z < -2) = 1 - 0.9772 = 0.0228 (document says 0.02128, likely a typo). Then, 0.0228 * 500 ≈ 11, matching the document.
Which of the following drugs is used to accelerate pulmonary maturation in the fetus in women with premature labor?
- A. Aminoglutethimide
- B. Betamethasone
- C. Mifepristone
- D. Misoprostol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Betamethasone, a glucocorticoid, is administered to enhance fetal lung maturation by stimulating surfactant production in preterm labor.
The following can be used for diabetes mellitus:
- A. Desmoporesine
- B. Insuline preparations
- C. Chlorpropamide
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin, chlorpropamide, metformin, and acarbose (B, C, D, E) are all used for diabetes management.
Identify potential drug-drug interactions that may occur with tamoxifen
- A. Not provided in document
- B. Not provided in document
- C. Not provided in document
- D. Not provided in document
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This question lacks options in the document, but based on the answer key (ANS: 4), it is assumed to correspond to the fourth choice if options were present. Tamoxifen has significant interactions with CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g., SSRIs), which can reduce its efficacy.
Which of the following would the nurse identify as a factor that alters drug response in children and infants? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Slower gastric emptying
- B. Greater surface area
- C. Less protein binding
- D. Decreased body water content
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children and infants are not small adults; therefore, they have altered pharmacokinetics. Factors that alter pharmacokinetics in children include slower gastric emptying, less cutaneous fat, greater surface area, increased body water content, less protein binding, and immature hepatic and renal function.