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It is important for nurses to know the functions of the branches of the federal government. At a local meeting of the state nurses' association, an officer reminds members that the branch that is capable of originating major policy initiatives is thebranch.
- A. executive
- B. legislative
- C. judicial
- D. administrative
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: legislative. The legislative branch, which consists of Congress, is responsible for creating and enacting laws, including major policy initiatives. This branch has the power to propose, debate, and pass legislation that shapes public policy. The executive branch (choice A) enforces laws, the judicial branch (choice C) interprets laws, and the administrative branch (choice D) oversees the implementation of laws. In this context, the legislative branch is the primary entity for originating major policy initiatives, making it crucial for nurses to understand its functions.
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As a patient's condition moves toward their impending death, which nursing intervention demonstrates how the focus of palliative care change?
- A. The patient is encouraged to discuss their spiritual needs.
- B. The patient is educated concerning the physical changes associated with the dying process.
- C. The patient's advance care plan is formulated and implemented.
- D. The patient's comfort needs are identified.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because as a patient approaches death, the focus of palliative care shifts towards providing comfort and symptom management to improve their quality of life. Identifying and addressing the patient's comfort needs becomes crucial in ensuring a peaceful and dignified end-of-life experience.
A: While discussing spiritual needs can be important, the primary focus shifts towards physical comfort in the final stages of life.
B: Educating the patient about physical changes is important, but it may not be the priority as the focus shifts towards comfort care.
C: Advance care planning is essential but may have already been addressed before the patient reaches the impending death stage.
A patient presents with chest pain that increases when lying flat and low-grade fever. Assessment reveals muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, and 3+ edema in the lower extremities. The nurse asks the patient to learn forward, which eases respiratory efforts. The nurse then places the stethoscope at which area on the chest to facilitate auscultation? The above question represents which type of alternate-format question written at which level of Bloom's taxonomy?
- A. Multiple-response item, comprehension level
- B. Hot-spot item, analysis level
- C. Chart/exhibit item, application level
- D. Drag-and-drop item, knowledge level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hot-spot item, analysis level. In this scenario, the patient's symptoms suggest pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade. To facilitate auscultation, the nurse should place the stethoscope at the point of maximal intensity of the heart sounds, which is typically at the apex of the heart or the lower left sternal border. This requires the nurse to analyze the patient's symptoms and apply knowledge of cardiac anatomy to determine the optimal auscultation site.
A: Multiple-response item, comprehension level - This choice involves selecting multiple correct answers from a list of options based on understanding the presented information. It doesn't require the critical thinking and analysis needed in this scenario.
C: Chart/exhibit item, application level - This choice involves interpreting information presented in a chart or exhibit to apply it to a specific situation. While it involves application, it doesn't require the same level of analysis as determining the best auscultation site.
D: Drag-and
Following a terrorist attack, victims are exhibiting posttraumatic stress syndrome, and care providers are exhibiting compassion fatigue. Which federal response system should be initiated?
- A. Strategic National Stockpile
- B. Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS)
- C. Commissioned Corps Readiness Force
- D. National Disaster Medical System
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: National Disaster Medical System (NDMS). This system is designed to provide medical care during disasters, including addressing mental health needs like posttraumatic stress syndrome in victims and compassion fatigue in care providers. NDMS coordinates federal medical response resources and personnel to support communities during disasters.
A: Strategic National Stockpile focuses on providing medicines, vaccines, and medical supplies, but does not directly address mental health needs or provide medical care.
B: Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS) focuses on local response capabilities for mass casualty incidents, but does not have the same scope as NDMS in providing comprehensive medical care.
C: Commissioned Corps Readiness Force is a team of healthcare professionals within the U.S. Public Health Service, but it is not specifically designated for disaster medical response like NDMS.
A nurse walks up to a computer in the hallway and presses the index finger to the sensor, thereby gaining access to patient datA few moments later another nurse performs the same steps and is granted access. A visitor who is watching from a room walks over and places the index finger on the sensor, only to receive an "error and access denied" message. Security is being maintained by:
- A. robot technology.
- B. biometric technology.
- C. telehealth.
- D. ubiquitous computing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: biometric technology. Biometric technology uses unique physical characteristics, such as fingerprints, to verify identity. In this scenario, the nurse and the other authorized person were granted access because their fingerprints matched the stored data. The visitor was denied access because their fingerprint did not match.
A: Robot technology is not related to verifying identity through fingerprints.
C: Telehealth is a method of providing healthcare remotely and is not related to access control.
D: Ubiquitous computing refers to the idea of computing technology being everywhere, but it is not directly related to biometric security measures like fingerprint scanning.
The primary purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935 was to:
- A. increase research that focused on minority groups.
- B. provide medical care for chemically impaired persons.
- C. ensure health care for older adults through a national insurance system.
- D. decrease the public's financial burden by limiting services offered by local health departments.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: ensure health care for older adults through a national insurance system. The Social Security Act of 1935 established social insurance programs to provide financial support for retired and elderly individuals. This was done through the implementation of Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. The Act aimed to address the economic insecurity faced by older adults and their families by providing a safety net through a national insurance system.
Incorrect answers:
A: Increasing research on minority groups was not the primary purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935.
B: Providing medical care for chemically impaired persons was not the primary focus of the Act.
D: Decreasing the public's financial burden by limiting services offered by local health departments was not the primary goal of the Act.