Nokea
James has hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression from chronic prednisone (a corticosteroid) use. He is at risk for what type of adverse drug reaction?
- A. Type B
- B. Type C
- C. Type E
- D. Type F
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic prednisone use causing HPA suppression is a Type C (chronic) ADR , linked to prolonged exposure, not idiosyncratic , withdrawal , or failure .
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Which of the following is the indication for glucocorticoid prescribing?
- A. Cataract
- B. Prevention of respiratory distress
- C. Hypofunction of thyroid gland
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids are indicated to prevent respiratory distress, such as in preterm infants for lung maturation.
The following drug causes a decrease in aqueous humour secretions from the ciliary body:
- A. Propranolol
- B. Nadolol
- C. Carvedilol
- D. Timolol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Timolol, a beta-blocker, reduces aqueous humor production in glaucoma.
Drugs do not metabolize the same way in all people. For what patient would a nurse expect to assess for an alteration in drug metabolism?
- A. A 35-year-old woman with cervical cancer
- B. A 41-year-old man with kidney stones
- C. A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver
- D. A 62-year-old woman in acute renal failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The liver is the most important site of drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively, as in patients with cirrhosis, drugs will not metabolize normally so that toxic levels could develop unless dosage is reduced. A patient with cervical cancer or kidney stones would not be expected to have altered ability to metabolize drugs so long as no liver damage existed. The patient with renal failure would have altered excretion of the drugs through the renal system but metabolism would not be impacted.
Glucocorticoid effects of carbohydrate metabolism is facilitated with:
- A. Gluconeogenesis
- B. Hypoglicemia
- C. Enhance of glucose utilization with peripherial tissues
- D. Decrease of glycogen reserve in the liver
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis, increasing blood glucose levels by converting non-carbohydrate sources into glucose.
Aminoglycosides work by irreversibly binding to the 30 ribosomal subunit.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aminoglycosides irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, disrupting bacterial protein synthesis and leading to bactericidal effects.