Nokea
John Snow located source of
- A. cholera
- B. typhoid
- C. plague
- D. All
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: John Snow is famous for identifying the source of a cholera outbreak in London.
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A local health department epidemiologist investigated an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness thought to be associated with a college cafeteria. There were many complaints about the quality of the cafeteria's offerings, and it appeared that the students' worst expectations were confirmed when several students visited the college's infirmary during the middle of the night and the following day complaining of nausea, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and cramps. The health department's investigation revealed that 24 students had eaten in the cafeteria immediately before the outbreak. The times between eating in the cafeteria and the development of active symptoms ranged from 20 to 36 hours. A list of foods eaten, the number of persons eating the foods, and tabulations of illness are presented in Appendix 12. Fill in the attack rates where indicated. On the basis of your calculations, answer the following questions: What food or foods would you suspect caused the problem?
- A. Chicken salad
- B. Potato salad
- C. Both A and B
- D. Neither A nor B
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High attack rates for both chicken and potato salads suggest they were contaminated.
First and foremost, element of PHC is
- A. Immunization
- B. FP/MCH
- C. Health education
- D. Provision of safe drinking water
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health education is considered the cornerstone and first element of Primary Health Care (PHC).
The fraction 50 / 54 is a/an:
- A. Attack rate
- B. Food-specific attack rate
- C. Incidence proportion
- D. Proportion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This fraction focuses on illness among those exposed to wedding cake.
How would the clinical and epidemiologic descriptions of a disease differ, and how would they be similar?
- A. Clinical focuses on individual cases; epidemiologic focuses on populations.
- B. Clinical uses laboratory tests; epidemiologic uses surveys.
- C. Clinical focuses on treatment; epidemiologic focuses on prevention.
- D. Both focus on identifying disease causes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clinical descriptions emphasize individual diagnosis and treatment, while epidemiologic descriptions analyze patterns and causes in populations.
obesity occurs due to:
- A. more consumption of calorie
- B. more consumption of protein
- C. more consumption of vitamins
- D. None
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Obesity results from excessive calorie intake compared to energy expenditure.