Nokea
José is a 4-year-old child scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. What should be included in preoperative teaching?
- A. Directed at his parents because he is too young to understand
- B. Detailed in regard to the actual procedures so he will know what to expect
- C. Done several days before the procedure so that he will be prepared
- D. Adapted to his level of development so that he can understand
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preoperative teaching should always be directed at the child’s stage of development. The caregivers also benefit from the same explanations. The parents may ask additional questions, which should be answered, but the child needs to receive the information based on developmental level. Preschoolers will not understand in-depth descriptions and should be prepared close to the time of the cardiac catheterization.
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Common pathogens in the sputum of CF patients are:
- A. Pseudomonas
- B. Staphylococcus epidermidis
- C. Staphylococcus aureus
- D. Burkholderia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Pseudomonas is the most common pathogen in CF patients. The other options (b-e) are less common.
The nurse is assessing clients in an outpatient diabetic clinic. Which entry provides the best evidence that the client is adhering to the prescribed diabetic regimen?
- A. Hemoglobin A1C of 6.2%
- B. Fasting blood glucose of 130 mg/dL
- C. Positive urine ketones
- D. Self-reported daily blood glucose monitoring
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A hemoglobin A1C of 6.2% indicates good glycemic control, reflecting adherence to the diabetic regimen.
Closure of the ductus will worsen following conditions
- A. Transposition of great vessels
- B. Tricuspid Atresia
- C. Hypoplastic Left heart syndrome
- D. Tetrology of Fallots
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Closure of the ductus arteriosus worsens hypoplastic left heart syndrome by removing the only source of systemic circulation.
The parents of a young child with heart failure tell the nurse that they are “nervous†about giving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse’s response should be based on which statement?
- A. It is a safe, frequently used drug.
- B. It is difficult to either overmedicate or undermedicate with digoxin.
- C. Parents lack the expertise necessary to administer digoxin.
- D. Parents must learn specific, important guidelines for administration of digoxin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic range. The margin of safety between therapeutic, toxic, and lethal doses is very small. Specific guidelines are available for parents to learn how to administer the drug safely and to monitor for side effects. Digoxin is a frequently used drug, but it has a narrow therapeutic range. Small amounts of the liquid are given to infants, making it easy to overmedicate or undermedicate. Parents may lack the necessary expertise to administer the drug at first, but with discharge preparation, they should be prepared to administer the drug safely.
The following tests are routine in the management of an epileptic on carbamazepine:
- A. Blood counts
- B. Serum levels
- C. Liver function tests
- D. Renal function tests
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Liver function tests are routinely monitored in patients taking carbamazepine due to the risk of liver toxicity, which can occur with prolonged use.