Nokea
Katrina is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. To avoid complications with lack of calcium in the diet, which food should be included in the diet?
- A. Fruit
- B. Whole grains
- C. Milk and cheese products
- D. Dark green, leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dark green, leafy vegetables. Dark green, leafy vegetables are a good source of calcium and can help Katrina meet her calcium needs without consuming milk and cheese products. Since Katrina is lactose intolerant, consuming milk and cheese products can lead to gastrointestinal issues due to the inability to digest lactose. Fruits and whole grains do not provide significant amounts of calcium compared to dark green, leafy vegetables. Therefore, including dark green, leafy vegetables in the diet is the best option to prevent complications from lack of calcium intake.
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A client has to undergo a barium enema for a suspected GI disorder. During the test, he experiences a strong urge to defecate and seeks the nurse's advice. Which of the following should the nurse do?
- A. Advise him to clear his bowel immediately
- B. Assure him that most people can retain the urge
- C. Give him analgesics to relieve him of the urge
- D. Instruct him to drink plenty of fluids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assure him that most people can retain the urge. The rationale is as follows:
1. Retaining the urge during a barium enema is common due to the pressure from the barium solution.
2. Advising the client to clear his bowel immediately is incorrect because it may disrupt the test.
3. Giving analgesics to relieve the urge is incorrect as it does not address the issue.
4. Instructing to drink plenty of fluids is incorrect as it does not help in managing the urge.
In summary, choice B is correct as it reassures the client and helps maintain the integrity of the test.
The nurse is caring for multiple patients. The nurse determines that which patient has the highest risk for developing gallstones?
- A. A 37-year-old white man of normal weight on long-term corticosteroids for asthm
- B. A 42-year-old African American man of normal weight who has smoked for 25 years.
- C. A 46-year-old Indonesian woman who is under normal weight and has recently had radiation treatments.
- D. A 50-year-old obese Mexican American woman who has type 1 diabetes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because obesity and type 1 diabetes are known risk factors for developing gallstones. Obesity leads to increased cholesterol production in the liver, which can contribute to gallstone formation. Type 1 diabetes can also increase the risk of gallstones due to impaired gallbladder function. Both factors combined in the 50-year-old obese Mexican American woman put her at the highest risk for developing gallstones.
Choice A is less likely as long-term corticosteroid use for asthma is not a major risk factor for gallstones. Choice B, smoking, is a risk factor but not as significant as obesity and diabetes in this context. Choice C, recent radiation treatment and being underweight, are not as strongly associated with gallstone formation compared to obesity and diabetes.
Bile production by the liver cells is increased by:
- A. Sympathetic activation
- B. Secretin
- C. CCK
- D. Bile salts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: CCK. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone released by the small intestine in response to the presence of fatty acids and amino acids. It stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and increases bile production by the liver cells to aid in digestion. Sympathetic activation (choice A) typically inhibits digestive functions. Secretin (choice B) primarily stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, not bile production. Bile salts (choice D) are products of bile, not direct stimulators of bile production. Therefore, CCK is the correct choice as it directly influences the production of bile by the liver cells.
The _____ part of the stomach is the area that is connected to the esophagus.
- A. cardiac
- B. pyloric
- C. fundus
- D. body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: cardiac. The cardiac part of the stomach is the region closest to the esophagus where food enters the stomach. It contains the cardiac sphincter, a muscular valve that regulates the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach. The other choices, pyloric, fundus, and body, are incorrect because the pyloric region connects the stomach to the small intestine, the fundus is the top portion of the stomach, and the body is the main central region of the stomach where most digestion occurs.
Which action will the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient who is being admitted with Clostridium difficile?
- A. Teach the patient about proper food storag
- C. Order a diet without dairy products for the patient.
- D. Place the patient in a private room on contact isolation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the patient in a private room on contact isolation. This is important because Clostridium difficile is highly contagious, spread through contact with infected feces. Isolating the patient helps prevent the spread. A: Teaching about food storage is irrelevant to managing C. difficile. B: Administering medications is not mentioned in the question. C: Ordering a diet without dairy is not the priority; isolation is key to prevent transmission.