Nokea
Klinefelter's syndrome:
- A. Has a karyotype XXV
- B. Is the result of meiotic non-dysjunction
- C. Shows delay in bone age/maturation
- D. Is a recognised cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Klinefelter's syndrome is caused by meiotic non-dysjunction, resulting in an extra X chromosome (karyotype XXY). It is not inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, and it is not a cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
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Which is a clinical manifestation of the systemic venous congestion that can occur with heart failure?
- A. Tachypnea
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Peripheral edema
- D. Pale, cool extremities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral edema, especially periorbital edema, is a clinical manifestation of systemic venous congestion. Tachypnea is a manifestation of pulmonary congestion. Tachycardia and pale, cool extremities are clinical manifestations of impaired myocardial function.
Spread of hepatitis C occurs by:
- A. Drug abuse
- B. Seafood consumption
- C. Recombinant factor VIII therapy
- D. Faeco-oral spread
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact, such as sharing needles or other equipment to inject drugs.
Common presenting features of myotonic dystrophy are:
- A. Floppy infant
- B. Corneal opacities
- C. Frontal baldness
- D. Macro-orchidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Macro-orchidism: Myotonic dystrophy is characterized by muscle weakness and myotonia. Macro-orchidism (enlarged testes) is a distinctive feature, especially in male patients.
A nursing action that promotes ideal nutrition in an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is:
- A. Feeding formula that is supplemented with additional calories.
- B. Allowing the infant to nurse at each breast for 20 minutes.
- C. Providing large feedings every 5 hours.
- D. Using firm nipples with small openings to slow feedings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Supplementing formula with extra calories increases the caloric density to support growth in infants with CHF.
Prevalence of psychiatric disorder:
- A. Is higher in urban than in rural areas
- B. Is increased in children with moderate learning difficulties
- C. Is increased in severe physical disability
- D. Is higher in children in social service care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in urban areas compared to rural areas. They are also increased in children with learning difficulties and those in social service care.