Nokea
Laboratory diagnosis of Rotavirus infection includes
- A. Egg inoculation
- B. Sensitive laboratory animals
- C. Ascoli test
- D. Cell cultures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cell cultures. Rotavirus diagnosis involves detecting viral antigens in stool samples using cell cultures. Cell cultures allow for the replication of the virus, facilitating its identification. A: Egg inoculation and B: Sensitive laboratory animals are not commonly used for Rotavirus diagnosis due to ethical concerns and practical limitations. C: Ascoli test is used for detecting specific proteins in serum, not for Rotavirus detection in stool samples. In summary, cell cultures are the most appropriate method for laboratory diagnosis of Rotavirus infection due to their ability to support viral replication and antigen detection.
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Enzymes used in ELISA are those except:
- A. Î’-lactamase
- B. Alkaline phosphatase
- C. Horseradish peroxidase
- D. Î’- galactosidase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Β-lactamase. In ELISA, enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase, and Β-galactosidase are commonly used as labels to detect the presence of specific molecules. Β-lactamase is not typically used in ELISA as it is an enzyme used to hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, it does not serve the purpose of detecting specific molecules in ELISA. Alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase, and Β-galactosidase are preferred enzymes in ELISA due to their ability to produce a detectable signal when bound to specific molecules.
A stool sample from a patient with persistent diarrhea revealed cysts with four nuclei. What is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Entamoeba histolytica
- B. Balantidium coli
- C. Giardia lamblia
- D. Trichomonas hominis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Entamoeba histolytica. This is because it is the only choice that matches the description of cysts with four nuclei, characteristic of Entamoeba histolytica. Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis, leading to symptoms like persistent diarrhea.
The other choices can be eliminated for the following reasons:
B: Balantidium coli - It is a ciliated protozoan that causes dysentery in humans but does not produce cysts with four nuclei.
C: Giardia lamblia - It is a flagellated protozoan that causes giardiasis, but it forms cysts with only two nuclei.
D: Trichomonas hominis - It is a flagellated protozoan found in the human intestine, but it does not produce cysts with four nuclei.
Therefore, based on the description of cysts with four nuclei in the stool sample,
The establishment and further spreading of an infectious disease within a new population is a process called:
- A. emergence
- B. adoption
- C. inclusion
- D. appearance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: emergence. The term emergence refers to the process of a new infectious disease appearing and spreading within a population. It signifies the initial introduction and establishment of the disease in the new population.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Adoption does not accurately describe the process of a disease spreading within a new population.
C: Inclusion is not a term commonly used to describe the spread of infectious diseases.
D: Appearance is too vague and does not capture the complexity of the process of establishment and spreading of an infectious disease.
Which of the following viruses does not belong to family Paramyxoviridae:
- A. Measles virus
- B. Respiratory syncytial virus
- C. Mumps virus
- D. Rubella virus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rubella virus. Rubella virus does not belong to the family Paramyxoviridae because it belongs to the Togaviridae family. The other choices, A (Measles virus), B (Respiratory syncytial virus), and C (Mumps virus) are all members of the Paramyxoviridae family. This classification is based on the genetic and structural characteristics of the viruses. Rubella virus is distinct in its genetic composition and replication cycle compared to the Paramyxoviridae family, making it the correct choice.
A 6-year-old child with suspected active tuberculosis process has undergone diagnostic Mantoux test. What immunobiological preparation was injected?
- A. Tuberculin
- B. BCG vaccine
- C. DTP vaccine
- D. Tularinum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tuberculin. The Mantoux test involves injecting tuberculin, a protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, under the skin to check for a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in individuals exposed to TB. B: BCG vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine used for TB prevention, not for diagnostic testing. C: DTP vaccine is for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, not TB. D: Tularinum is not a standard immunobiological preparation used for TB testing. Therefore, A is the correct choice for the Mantoux test.