Nokea
Leadership is the process of influencing and supporting others to work enthusiastically towards achieving objectives:
- A. Stogdill
- B. Tannenbaum
- C. Terry
- D. Key and Case
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stogdill defined leadership as influencing and supporting goal-oriented group efforts in 1974.
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The treatment method known as behavior modification is based on the theory of the behavioral theorists Skinner and
- A. Pavlov
- B. Freud
- C. Erikson
- D. Maslow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Behavior modification is used to eliminate and decrease the frequency of identified negative behaviors. Skinner and Pavlov were leaders in developing this theory.
According to Bandura (1977), perceived self-efficacy refers to:
- A. One's judgement of self-worth
- B. Beliefs in one's capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments
- C. Belief in another's capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments
- D. Belief in one's capabilities to win
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bandura (1977) defined self-efficacy as belief in one's capacity to achieve specific goals.
If-confidence is affected by comparing ourselves to others or social comparison
- A. Not at all
- B. positively
- C. neutrally
- D. negatively
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Social comparison often lowers self-confidence when we perceive others as superior, a negative effect.
You are caring for a group of clients who are adversely affected with phobias. Which form of group therapy will you most likely employ to treat these clients?
- A. Cognitive psychotherapy
- B. Behavioral psychotherapy
- C. Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy
- D. Psychoanalysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cognitive behavioral therapy (C) is effective for phobias.
Role learning theory suggests that
- A. Social roles are not fixed but are fluid and pluralistic
- B. We create and negotiate our roles through interaction with others
- C. We internalize and take on social roles from a pre-existing frame work
- D. Roles have to be learned to suppress unconscious motivations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Role theory posits internalization of predefined roles via socialization.