Nokea
List FOUR differential diagnoses aside from aortic coarctation for a two-week old infant presenting with tachypnea and poor femoral pulses.
- A. Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy
- B. Critical aortic stenosis
- C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Differential diagnoses in such cases can include non-structural heart conditions like tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy, which affects the heart's ability to pump effectively.
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A nurse is preparing to administer an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which drug should the nurse administer?
- A. Captopril (Capoten)
- B. Furosemide (Lasix)
- C. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- D. Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Captopril is an ACE inhibitor. Furosemide is a loop diuretic. Spironolactone blocks the action of aldosterone. Chlorothiazide works on the distal tubules.
Which client has the highest risk for developing skin cancer?
- A. A 16-year old dark-skinned female who tans in tanning beds once a week
- B. A 65 year-old fair-skinned male who is a construction worker
- C. A 25 year-old dark-skinned male whose mother had skin cancer
- D. A 70 year-old fair-skinned female who works as a secretary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fair-skinned individuals with prolonged sun exposure, such as construction workers, are at higher risk for skin cancer.
What is one of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children?
- A. Sepsis
- B. Blood loss
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Congenital heart disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood loss is the most frequent cause of hypovolemic shock in children. Sepsis causes septic shock, which is overwhelming sepsis and circulating bacterial toxins. Anaphylactic shock results from extreme allergy or hypersensitivity to a foreign substance. Congenital heart disease contributes to hypervolemia, not hypovolemia.
Drug combinations recommended to be avoided include all, except
- A. Metronidazole and Warfarin
- B. Furosemide and Gentamicin
- C. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and beta blockers
- D. Omega-3 and Antiplatelets
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Omega-3 and antiplatelets are not typically a contraindicated combination.
The most appropriate first-line treatment for status epilepticus in a child is:
- A. Diazepam
- B. Phenytoin
- C. Carbamazepine
- D. Valproate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diazepam is commonly used as the first-line treatment in managing status epilepticus due to its fast-acting, long-lasting anticonvulsant effects.