Nokea
List FOUR other cardiac manifestations for Marfan’s syndrome, aside from aortopathy.
- A. Mitral valve prolapse/regurgitation
- B. Calcification of the mitral valve <40 years
- C. Dilation of pulmonary artery
- D. Dilation or dissection of ascending/descending aorta (<50 years old)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Marfan's syndrome may involve multiple cardiac complications including mitral valve prolapse and other structural heart abnormalities.
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Childhood autism:
- A. Is commoner in boys
- B. Is characterised by extreme delay of social milestones
- C. Repetitive tasks are commonly performed
- D. Is characterised by extremely chaotic routines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder is more commonly diagnosed in boys than girls, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 4:1.
A father asks why his child with tetralogy of Fallot seems to favor a squatting position. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Squatting increases the return of venous blood back to the heart.
- B. Squatting decreases arterial blood flow away from the heart.
- C. Squatting is a common resting position when a child is tachycardic.
- D. Squatting increases the workload of the heart.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The squatting position allows the child to breathe more easily because systemic venous return is increased.
A psychiatric referral is warranted in a preschool child with the following:
- A. Night terrors
- B. Separation anxiety
- C. Scared of ghosts
- D. Masturbation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Separation anxiety in a preschool child, especially if it is severe and persistent, may warrant a psychiatric referral to assess for anxiety disorders.
The mother of a toddler reports that the child's father has just had a myocardial infarction (MI). Because of this, the nurse recommends the child have a(n):
- A. Electrocardiogram
- B. Lipid profile
- C. Echocardiogram
- D. Cardiac catheterization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Current recommendations are for a lipid profile in children over 2 years of age who have a family history of cardiac events or high cholesterol.
Nurse Victoria is teaching the parents of a school-age child. Which teaching topic should take priority?
- A. Prevent accidents
- B. Keeping a night light on to allay fears
- C. Explaining normalcy of fears about body integrity
- D. Encouraging the child to dress without help
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Accident prevention is a priority for school-age children as they become more independent and engage in activities that may pose risks.