Nokea
Liver failure in children:
- A. Is always chronic in nature
- B. Wilson's disease is a common cause
- C. Leads to failure to thrive
- D. One of the causes is Reye syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reye syndrome is a known cause of acute liver failure in children, often associated with viral infections and aspirin use.
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Skin lesions characteristically associated with CNS problems:
- A. Dermatitis herpetiformis
- B. Vitiligo
- C. Strawberry angioma on face
- D. Axillary freckling
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Axillary freckling
Which painful, tender, pea-sized nodules may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis?
- A. Osler nodes
- B. Janeway lesions
- C. Subcutaneous nodules
- D. Aschoff nodes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osler nodes are red, painful, intradermal nodes found on pads of the phalanges in bacterial endocarditis. Janeway lesions are painless hemorrhagic areas on palms and soles in bacterial endocarditis. Subcutaneous odules are nontender swellings, located over bony prominences, commonly found in rheumatic fever. Aschoff nodules are small nodules composed of cells and leukocytes found in the interstitial tissues of the heart in rheumatic myocarditis
The parent of a 1-year-old child with tetralogy of Fallot asks the nurse, “Why do my child’s fingertips look like that?†On what understanding does the nurse base a response?
- A. Clubbing occurs as a result of untreated congestive heart failure.
- B. Clubbing occurs as a result of a left-to-right shunting of blood.
- C. Clubbing occurs as a result of decreased cardiac output.
- D. Clubbing occurs as a result of chronic hypoxia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clubbing of the fingers develops in response to chronic hypoxia.
Features that would increase suspicion of cerebral palsy at age 9 months include:
- A. Presence of Moro reflex
- B. Abductor spasm
- C. Hand dominance
- D. Grasp reflex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hand dominance at 9 months is a red flag for cerebral palsy. The persistence of primitive reflexes like the Moro and grasp reflexes can also be indicative.
An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). What does the nurse understand regarding why dyspnea occurs?
- A. Blood is circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion.
- B. Blood is shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia.
- C. Blood is shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia.
- D. Blood is circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the left side of the heart.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When PDA is present, oxygenated blood recycles through the lungs, overburdening the pulmonary circulation.