Nokea
Major treatment modalities for breast cancer are:
- A. Surgery, remove the primary tumor
- B. Radiotherapy, destroy microscopic diseases
- C. Chemotherapy, systematically destroys cancer cells
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the treatment modalities listed - surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy - play essential roles in managing breast cancer. Surgery removes the primary tumor, radiotherapy targets any remaining microscopic disease, and chemotherapy systematically destroys cancer cells throughout the body. Each modality addresses a different aspect of the disease, making a comprehensive treatment approach necessary for the best outcomes. Choices A, B, and C alone do not cover all necessary aspects of breast cancer treatment, hence D is the correct choice.
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Which of the following questions or statements would be an appropriate termination of the health history interview?
- A. “Well, I can’t think of anything else to ask you right now.”
- B. “Can you think of anything else you would like to tell me?”
- C. “I wish you could have remembered more about your illness.”
- D. “Perhaps we can talk again sometime. Goodbye.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it encourages the patient to share any additional information they may have forgotten or overlooked, ensuring a thorough health history interview. Choice A is incorrect as it implies the interviewer is unprepared or disinterested. Choice C is inappropriate as it may make the patient feel guilty or inadequate. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the possibility of gathering more relevant information from the patient.
A 28 y.o man is diagnosed with acute epididymitis. Which of the ff. symptoms supports this diagnosis?
- A. Burning and pain on urination
- B. Severe tenderness and swelling in the scrotum
- C. Foul-swelling ejaculate and severe scrotal swelling
- D. Foul-smelling urine and pain on urination
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe tenderness and swelling in the scrotum. Epididymitis is characterized by inflammation of the epididymis, causing symptoms such as severe tenderness and swelling in the scrotum. Choice A is incorrect as burning and pain on urination are more indicative of a urinary tract infection. Choice C, foul-smelling ejaculate and severe scrotal swelling, is not commonly associated with epididymitis. Choice D, foul-smelling urine and pain on urination, may indicate a urinary tract infection but are not specific to epididymitis.
Which of the ff. descriptions by the nurse would best explain glaucoma to a patient?
- A. “There is an increase in the amount of vitreous humor.”
- B. “There is an increase in the intraocular pressure.”
- C. “There is a decrease in the amount of aqueous humor.”
- D. “There is a decrease in the intraocular pressure.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "There is an increase in the intraocular pressure." Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve due to increased pressure within the eye. High intraocular pressure is a key factor in the development of glaucoma. Choice A is incorrect because glaucoma is not associated with an increase in vitreous humor. Choice C is incorrect as glaucoma is not related to a decrease in aqueous humor. Choice D is incorrect because glaucoma is characterized by an increase, not a decrease, in intraocular pressure. Therefore, the most accurate description to explain glaucoma to a patient is the one that mentions the increase in intraocular pressure.
The first thing to do for a nurse when an accident occurs is to find out if patient is conscious so that she could:
- A. Reassure the patient
- B. Call relatives
- C. Bring patient immediately to the hospital
- D. Call a doctor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reassure the patient. The first priority in any accident scenario is to ensure the patient's safety and well-being. By checking if the patient is conscious, the nurse can assess their immediate condition and provide reassurance to alleviate any distress or anxiety. This step establishes communication and trust, allowing for further assessment and appropriate actions to be taken. Calling relatives (B) may be important but not the immediate first step. Bringing the patient immediately to the hospital (C) is premature without assessing the patient first. Calling a doctor (D) can be done after assessing the patient's condition.
The nurse recognizes that the major early problem for Mr. Gabatan will be:
- A. Bladder control
- B. Quadriceps setting
- C. Client education
- D. Use of aids for ambulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bladder control. This is the major early problem for Mr. Gabatan because urinary retention is a common complication post-surgery, especially for older males like him. Bladder control is essential for preventing urinary tract infections and maintaining overall health. Quadriceps setting (B) and client education (C) are important but not as critical early on. Use of aids for ambulation (D) is important but not the major early problem compared to bladder control in this case.