Nokea
Male infertility can be caused by:
- A. Vasectomy
- B. Low sperm count
- C. Sexual dysfunction
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Male infertility may result from various factors, including vasectomy, low sperm count, or sexual dysfunction.
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What is the physiologic reason for vascular volume increasing by 40% to 60% during pregnancy?
- A. Prevents maternal and fetal dehydration
- B. Eliminates metabolic wastes of the mother
- C. Provides adequate perfusion of the placenta
- D. Compensates for decreased renal plasma flow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Provides adequate perfusion of the placenta. During pregnancy, the increased vascular volume ensures sufficient blood flow to the placenta, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus. This is crucial for fetal growth and development. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Preventing maternal and fetal dehydration is not the main reason for the significant increase in vascular volume during pregnancy.
B: Eliminating metabolic wastes of the mother does not require such a substantial increase in vascular volume.
D: Compensating for decreased renal plasma flow is not the primary physiologic reason for the vascular volume expansion during pregnancy.
During vital sign assessment of a pregnant patient in her third trimester, the patient complains of
feeling faint, dizzy, and agitated. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
- B. Have the patient stand up and retake her blood pressur
- C. Have the patient sit down and hold her arm in a dependent position.
- D. Have the patient turn to her left side and recheck her blood pressure in 5 minutes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Have the patient turn to her left side and recheck her blood pressure in 5 minutes. This intervention is most appropriate because the patient is experiencing symptoms of potential hypotension, common in pregnant women due to changes in blood volume and hormonal levels. Turning the patient to her left side helps improve blood flow to the heart and can alleviate symptoms. Rechecking the blood pressure in 5 minutes allows for monitoring of any changes.
Choice A is incorrect as it does not provide a specific intervention. Choice B is incorrect as having the patient stand up may worsen symptoms. Choice C is incorrect as holding the arm in a dependent position may not effectively address the underlying issue of hypotension.
Cardiovascular system changes occur during pregnancy. Which finding would be considered normal for a woman in her second trimester?
- A. Less audible heart sounds (S1, S2)
- B. Increased pulse rate
- C. Increased blood pressure
- D. Decreased red blood cell (RBC) production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Between 14 and 20 weeks of gestation, the pulse increases about 10 to 15 beats/min, which persists to term.
Which of these findings would indicate a potential complication related to renal function during pregnancy?
- A. Increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- B. Increase in serum creatinine level
- C. Decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- D. Mild proteinuria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. In a healthy pregnancy, GFR increases to accommodate the increased metabolic demands.
2. An increase in serum creatinine level indicates impaired renal function, as creatinine clearance decreases during pregnancy.
3. Decrease in BUN is normal due to increased GFR.
4. Mild proteinuria can be common in pregnancy without indicating a complication.
Therefore, an increase in serum creatinine level (Choice B) suggests a potential renal complication during pregnancy.
A woman at 10 weeks of gestation who is seen in the prenatal clinic with presumptive signs and symptoms of pregnancy likely will have:
- A. amenorrhea.
- B. positive pregnancy test.
- C. Chadwick's sign.
- D. Hegar's sign.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amenorrhea is a presumptive sign of pregnancy. Presumptive signs of pregnancy are felt by the woman.