Nokea
Management of the foregoing patient should include:
- A. Regular diet with extra fruits and green vegetables
- B. Potassium-sparing diuretics
- C. Discontinuance of any oral magnesium salts
- D. All of the above measures
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of muscle weakness and fatigue are likely due to hypermagnesemia, which is an excess of magnesium in the blood. Hence, the management should include discontinuing any oral magnesium salts that the patient may be taking. This will help in correcting the magnesium imbalance and improving the patient's symptoms. Regular diet modifications and potassium-sparing diuretics are not indicated for the treatment of hypermagnesemia and may not address the underlying cause in this case.
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A patient had a lumbar injury. Which neurological test by the nurse would be affected?
- A. Rhine's test
- B. Pupillary reaction
- C. Romberg's test
- D. Patellar reflex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Romberg's test is a neurological test that assesses the function of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord, which are responsible for proprioception and vibration sensations. A lumbar injury can affect these dorsal columns, leading to impaired proprioception. Therefore, the Romberg's test would be affected due to the compromised sensory input from the lower extremities. This test usually involves asking the patient to stand with feet together and eyes closed to assess balance and proprioception.
Which of the following malignant tumors is least likely to occur in adults in comparison with children?
- A. acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- B. osteosarcoma
- C. medulloblastoma
- D. retinoblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Retinoblastoma predominantly occurs in children under 5 years of age, making it the least likely to occur in adults.
Which term refers to a newborn born before completion of week 37 of gestation, regardless of birth weight?
- A. Postterm
- B. Preterm
- C. Low birth weight
- D. Small for gestational age
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The term "preterm" refers to a newborn born before completion of week 37 of gestation, regardless of birth weight. Preterm birth can lead to various health issues for the newborn, as they may not have fully developed before being born. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor preterm infants to ensure they receive the proper care and support for their development.
The major pharmacologic action of albuterol sulfate (Proventil HFA) is:
- A. decreasing airway reactivity.
- B. decreasing inflammation and airway obstruction.
- C. improving the action of cilia to sweep trapped mucous upward.
- D. relaxing constricted bronchial smooth muscle.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol acts as a beta-2 agonist, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle to relieve airway constriction.
The nurse is caring for a patient with HIV who has diarrhea. Which of the following would be most therapeutic to teach the patient to avoid in the diet to reduce diarrhea?
- A. Potassium-rich food
- B. Liquid nutritional supplements
- C. Raw fruits and vegetables
- D. Frozen products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with HIV who have diarrhea should avoid consuming raw fruits and vegetables. Raw fruits and vegetables can be more difficult for the digestive system to break down, potentially worsening diarrhea. It is recommended to opt for cooked fruits and vegetables instead as they are easier to digest and less likely to irritate the gut. This can help reduce the frequency and severity of diarrhea in patients with HIV.