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Mr. Galino is diagnosed to have Raynaud's disease. Nurse Oliver gives instructions to the client to stop smoking because it causes:
- A. cyanosis and necrosis
- B. vasoconstriction, vasospasms
- C. decreased blood oxygen content
- D. pain and tingling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Raynaud's disease is a condition characterized by vasospasms of the small arteries, usually in the fingers and toes, in response to cold temperatures or stress. Smoking can worsen the symptoms of Raynaud's disease because it causes vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels. Nicotine in cigarettes can trigger vasospasms, leading to further restriction of blood flow to the extremities. Therefore, it is essential for individuals with Raynaud's disease to stop smoking to help improve blood circulation and reduce the frequency and severity of vasospasms.
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Which is most suggestive that a nurse has a nontherapeutic relationship with a patient and family?
- A. Staff is concerned about the nurse's actions with the patient and family.
- B. Staff assignments allow the nurse to care for same patient and family over an extended time.
- C. Nurse is able to withdraw emotionally when emotional overload occurs but still remains committed.
- D. Nurse uses teaching skills to instruct patient and family rather than doing everything for them.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A is the most suggestive that a nurse has a nontherapeutic relationship with a patient and family because when the staff is concerned about the nurse's actions with the patient and family, it indicates that there may be issues or red flags in the nurse's interactions. This could imply that the nurse's behavior is not promoting a positive, therapeutic relationship with the patient and family, which is crucial for effective care delivery. Staff concerns may arise due to behaviors that are inappropriate, unprofessional, or lacking empathy, which can hinder the development of a therapeutic relationship and affect the quality of care provided.
The newborn with severe jaundice is at risk for developing:
- A. encephalopathy.
- B. bullous impetigo.
- C. respiratory distress.
- D. blood incompatibility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe jaundice in a newborn puts them at risk for developing encephalopathy, which is a condition where bilirubin levels are significantly elevated and can lead to central nervous system dysfunction. If untreated or not managed promptly, high levels of bilirubin can potentially lead to brain damage. It is crucial to monitor and treat severe jaundice in newborns to prevent neurological complications like encephalopathy. Options B, C, and D are not directly associated with severe jaundice in newborns.
The parent of a child with glomerulonephritis asks how they will know the child is improving. Which is the best response?
- A. Your child's urine output will increase and the urine will become less tea-colored.
- B. Your child will rest more comfortably as lab values normalize.
- C. Your child's appetite will decrease.
- D. Your child's lab values will become more normal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An increase in urine output and a return to normal urine color are clear, observable signs of improvement in glomerulonephritis.
Biopsy is not usually performed for a child with suspicion of Wilms tumor EXCEPT
- A. age of 2-3 year
- B. signs of inflammation or infection
- C. significant lymph node enlargement radiologically
- D. intratumoral calcification radiologically
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Presence of intratumoral calcifications may warrant biopsy to rule out other diagnoses.
A child is being discharged from an ambulatory care center after an inguinal hernia repair. Which discharge interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Discuss dietary restrictions.
- B. Hold any analgesic medications until the child is home.
- C. Send a pain scale home with the family.
- D. Suggest the parents fill the prescriptions on the way home.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discuss dietary restrictions: It is important to provide the family with information regarding any dietary restrictions that the child may have post-surgery to ensure proper healing and comfort.