Nokea
Martin is a 60-year-old patient with hypertension. The first-line decongestant to prescribe would be:
- A. Oral pseudoephedrine
- B. Oral phenylephrine
- C. Nasal oxymetazoline
- D. Nasal azelastine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nasal oxymetazoline , a topical decongestant, has less systemic effect on blood pressure than oral options ; azelastine is an antihistamine.
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A pharmaceutical lab states that a drug causes negative side effects in 3 of every 100 patients. To confirm this affirmation, another laboratory chooses 5 people at random who have consumed the drug. What is the average number of patients that the laboratory should expect to experience side effects if they choose 100 patients at random?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The expected value (mean) of a binomial distribution is n * p. Here, n=100 and p=0.03, so U = 100 * 0.03 = 3, as calculated in the document.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is prescribed an oral medication. As part of the plan, the nurse expects to describe the importance of absorption. The nurse would integrate knowledge of which of the following as a mechanism for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Active transport
- B. Transposition
- C. Passive transport
- D. Pinocytosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During absorption, the drug particles in the GI tract are moved into the body fluids via active transport, passive transport, and pinocytosis.
Pick the true statement:
- A. Amox- Clavulanic, Clavulanic increases amox activity
- B. Sublactum is used in treatment of Leprosy
- C. Aztreonam is a metabolite of clarithromycin
- D. Cilastatin imipenam- cilastatin prevents hydrolysis of imipenam
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sulbactam is used in leprosy treatment; other statements are incorrect (e.g., clavulanic enhances amoxicillin, cilastatin protects imipenem).
A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has a new prescription for Albuterol and Beclomethasone inhalers for the control of asthma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Take the albuterol at the same time each day.
- B. Administer the albuterol inhaler prior to using the beclomethasone inhaler.
- C. Use beclomethasone if experiencing an acute episode.
- D. Avoid shaking the beclomethasone before us
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albuterol (bronchodilator) should be used before beclomethasone (steroid) to open airways for better steroid delivery.
Henry is 82 years old and takes two aspirin every morning to treat the arthritis pain in his back. He states the aspirin helps him to 'get going' each day. Lately he has had some heartburn from the aspirin. After ruling out an acute GI bleed, what would be an appropriate course of treatment for Henry?
- A. Add an H2 blocker such as ranitidine to his therapy
- B. Discontinue the aspirin and switch him to Vicodin for the pain
- C. Decrease the aspirin dose to one tablet daily
- D. Have Henry take an antacid 15 minutes before taking the aspirin each day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An H2 blocker reduces aspirin-induced heartburn; stopping or antacids don't address chronic use.