Nokea
When determining drug treatment, the NP prescriber should:
- A. Always use evidence-based guidelines
- B. Individualize the drug choice for the specific patient
- C. Rely on his or her experience when prescribing for complex patients
- D. Use the newest drug on the market for the condition being treated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Individualizing treatment tailors therapy to the patient, balancing evidence and experience , while avoiding untested new drugs .
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This drug is a respiratory stimulant:
- A. Doxapram
- B. Promethazine
- C. Dornase α
- D. Oxygen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Doxapram stimulates breathing by acting on the respiratory center in the brainstem.
What concept is considered when generic drugs are substituted for brand name drugs?
- A. Bioavailability
- B. Critical concentration
- C. Distribution
- D. Half-life
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic drug may not be the same as those used in the brand name drug. Therefore, the way the body breaks down and uses the drug may differ, which may eliminate a generic drug substitution. Critical concentration is the amount of a drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect and should not differ between generic and brand name medications. Distribution is the phase of pharmacokinetics, which involves the movement of a drug to the body's tissues and is the same in generic and brand name drugs. A drug's half-life is the time it takes for the amount of drug to decrease to half the peak level, which should not change when substituting a generic medication.
A 49-year-old woman with a history of hypertension is treated with spironolactone. She has good blood pressure control and in the last 6 months has shown an improvement in her hirsutism. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?
- A. Androgen receptor inhibition of the hair follicle
- B. Drug toxicity
- C. Hypoaldosteronism
- D. Testosterone levels are elevated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone's anti-androgenic effects inhibit androgen receptors, reducing hirsutism, alongside its aldosterone antagonism for hypertension.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is prescribed an oral medication. As part of the plan, the nurse expects to describe the importance of absorption. The nurse would integrate knowledge of which of the following as a mechanism for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Active transport
- B. Transposition
- C. Passive transport
- D. Pinocytosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During absorption, the drug particles in the GI tract are moved into the body fluids via active transport, passive transport, and pinocytosis.
A nurse is preparing a drug for administration to a patient. The drug does not have an indicated use for the patient's medical diagnosis. What should the nurse do?
- A. Administer the drug as ordered.
- B. Question the prescriber concerning the ordered drug.
- C. Ask a coworker his or her thoughts about the ordered drug for the patient.
- D. Ask the patient why the drug has been prescribed for him or her.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If the nurse is not sure about giving a drug, the order should be questioned. The nurse should never give a medication that is not clear. Mistakes do happen and the drug ordered, if not approved for the condition that the patient has, could be an error on someone's part. The person who wrote the order should be questioned, not a co worker, who probably does not know why an off-label drug is being used. It would be unprofessional and inappropriate to ask the patient about the drug.