Nokea
A 32-year-old female is admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. You are writing a care plan for this patient. You know that an appropriate nursing diagnosis to help prevent medication errors is what?
- A. Dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility
- B. Ineffective self health maintenance
- C. Risk for injury
- D. Deficient fluid volume
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypovolemia aligns with 'Deficient fluid volume,' guiding drug therapy to correct volume status and prevent errors.
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Which of the following drugs is used for the management of atropine intoxication?
- A. Physostigmine
- B. Neostigmine
- C. Endrophonium
- D. Donepezil
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, crosses the BBB to reverse atropine's central effects.
A 49-year-old woman with a history of hypertension is treated with spironolactone. She has good blood pressure control and in the last 6 months has shown an improvement in her hirsutism. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?
- A. Androgen receptor inhibition of the hair follicle
- B. Drug toxicity
- C. Hypoaldosteronism
- D. Testosterone levels are elevated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone's anti-androgenic effects inhibit androgen receptors, reducing hirsutism, alongside its aldosterone antagonism for hypertension.
Newborns are at risk for early vitamin K deficiency bleeding and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all newborns receive:
- A. IM vitamin K (phytonadione) within 24 hours of birth
- B. Oral vitamin K supplementation in the first 3 weeks of life
- C. Formula containing vitamin K or breast milk
- D. Oral vitamin K in the first 24 hours after birth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IM vitamin K is standard to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns.
Prophylactic use of bisphosphonates is recommended for patients with early osteopenia related to long-term use of which of the following drugs?
- A. Selective estrogen receptor modulators
- B. Aspirin
- C. Glucocorticoids
- D. Calcium supplements
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids cause bone loss, warranting bisphosphonate prophylaxis; SERMs protect bone.
A client with Crohn's disease is scheduled to receive an infusion of infliximab (Remicade). The nurse assisting in caring for the client should take which action to monitor the effectiveness of treatment?
- A. Monitoring the leukocyte count for 2 days after the infusion
- B. Checking the frequency and consistency of bowel movements
- C. Checking serum liver enzyme levels before and after the infusion
- D. Carrying out a Hematest on gastric fluids after the infusion is completed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The principal manifestations of Crohn's disease are diarrhea and abdominal pain. Infliximab (Remicade) is an immunomodulator that reduces the degree of inflammation in the colon, thereby reducing the diarrhea. Options 1, 3, and 4 are unrelated to this medication.