Nokea
Match the following pathogens with their descriptions: Fungi
- A. One-celled microorganisms classified by their shapes
- B. May be made up of one or more cells; enter the human body through cuts or cracks in the skin
- C. Rod-shaped bacteria that appear in chains
- D. Type of bacteria often spread through vectors
- E. Tiny parasites that live within cells of hosts and reproduce there
- F. Parasitic worms that can inhabit the digestive tract of humans
- G. Single-celled animals that live in water and cause intestinal illnesses when ingested
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fungi, which can be unicellular or multicellular, often enter through skin breaks, causing infections like athlete's foot or candidiasis.
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Types of pathogenic organisms include
- A. Bacteria.
- B. Viruses.
- C. Vectors.
- D. Protozoa.
- E. Fungi.
- F. Helminths.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E,F
Rationale: Pathogenic organisms are those capable of causing disease. Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and helminths are all types of pathogens. Vectors (e.g., mosquitoes) transmit pathogens but are not pathogens themselves.
Match the following pathogens with their descriptions: Viruses
- A. One-celled microorganisms classified by their shapes
- B. May be made up of one or more cells; enter the human body through cuts or cracks in the skin
- C. Rod-shaped bacteria that appear in chains
- D. Type of bacteria often spread through vectors
- E. Tiny parasites that live within cells of hosts and reproduce there
- F. Parasitic worms that can inhabit the digestive tract of humans
- G. Single-celled animals that live in water and cause intestinal illnesses when ingested
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Viruses are tiny parasites that invade host cells to reproduce, as they cannot replicate independently.
When is it inappropriate to use alcohol gel for hand hygiene?
- A. If you have just come onto the nursing unit to begin your shift
- B. If your hands are visibly soiled
- C. If you have emptied a bedpan or a urinal
- D. If your glove has touched blood or body fluids before you removed it
- E. If it is likely that your hands have been contaminated by spore-forming microbes
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Alcohol gel is ineffective when hands are visibly soiled, after handling bedpans/urinals (due to potential contamination), or when dealing with spore-forming microbes like Clostridium difficile, which require soap and water.
Staphylococcus aureus is the cause of which of the following illnesses?
- A. Toxic shock syndrome
- B. Rheumatic fever
- C. Boils
- D. Necrotizing fasciitis
- E. Osteomyelitis
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Staphylococcus aureus causes toxic shock syndrome, boils, necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease), and osteomyelitis (bone infection). Rheumatic fever is a complication of Streptococcus infection.
You are caring for a patient with the Zika virus. The nurse understands the Zika virus is caused by which of the following?
- A. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
- B. Blackbirds
- C. Ticks
- D. Ringworm
- E. Flu
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Zika virus is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.