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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Trust vs. mistrust
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage occurs from birth to 18 months, where infants develop trust through consistent care.
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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Develop intimate relationships and choose a career
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Avoiding criticism of relationships supports intimacy vs. isolation, aiding in relationship and career development.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. A preschooler who sees his or her parent dressed as Frankenstein will most likely
- A. Think it is funny.
- B. Recognize that it is the parent.
- C. Be frightened.
- D. Not be concerned one way or the other.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Piaget's preoperational stage, preschoolers struggle with distinguishing appearance from reality, so a parent in a scary costume is likely to frighten them.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Identity vs. role confusion
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Erikson's identity vs. role confusion stage occurs from 12 to 18 years, focusing on developing a personal identity.
Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Punishment and obedience orientation.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, not just to follow the rules but to feel good about motives.
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values moral and principles.
- C. Child equates doing right with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment.
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good and because of respect for authority.
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice, Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Kohlberg's preconventional level, punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1) involves equating right with avoiding punishment.
Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F)." Older adults tend to evaluate their lives more than younger adults.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True, In Erikson's integrity vs. despair stage, older adults reflect on their lives, evaluating their accomplishments and legacy.