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Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Preconventional Level: Age
- A. 0-2 years
- B. 2-6 years
- C. 6-12 years
- D. 12+ years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg's preconventional level typically occurs from 6-12 years, as children focus on avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain.
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Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Conventional Level:
- A. Following internal moral principles
- B. Avoiding punishment and seeking Maintaining personal gain
- C. Maintaining social order
- D. Upholding universal ethics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The focus of Kohlberg's conventional level is on maintaining social order through adherence to rules and societal expectations.
Match the following physiological changes that occur in middle age to the clinical manifestation. Slower gastric motility
- A. High blood pressure.
- B. Menopause.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Skin wrinkling.
- E. Decreased sperm production.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slower gastric motility in middle age results in constipation due to delayed digestion.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Develop sense of social skills and self-esteem
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recognizing accomplishments supports industry vs. inferiority, fostering social skills and self-esteem.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erikson's autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage occurs from 18 months to 3 years, where toddlers develop independence.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. You are the school nurse in a large high school. A female student comes to you and asks you about the signs and symptoms of various sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Which of the following is the best response?
- A. Let the teenager know you are shocked that she needs to ask these questions.
- B. Refer her to different brochures and resources about STDs.
- C. Answer her questions and ask her if she is concerned that she may have an STD.
- D. Ask her what symptoms she is having and reassure that they are probably not signs of an STD. This will gain her trust.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Providing accurate information and assessing concerns respects the teen's autonomy (Erikson's identity vs. role confusion stage) and promotes health education.