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Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Universal ethical principles.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, good not and just helping to others, not just to
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values and moral principles.
- C. Child equates doing right equates with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment or wrong with punishment, punishment
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good and because of respect for authority for laws for the greater good,
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity and human rights; desires impartial interpretation of justice, justice
- F. Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be fair rather than what might be best for the larger group for the larger group,
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: In Kohlberg's postconventional level, universal ethical principles (stage 6) involves acting based on universal moral principles, even if they conflict with laws.
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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erikson's autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage occurs from 18 months to 3 years, where toddlers develop independence.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Preconventional Level: Age
- A. 0-2 years
- B. 2-6 years
- C. 6-12 years
- D. 12+ years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg's preconventional level typically occurs from 6-12 years, as children focus on avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Postconventional Level: Age
- A. 6-12 years
- B. 12-18 years
- C. 18+ years
- D. Adolescence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg's postconventional level typically occurs from 18+ years, as individuals develop principled moral reasoning.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Which of the following theorists discussed cognitive development and how learning is developed?
- A. Erik Erikson
- B. Jean Piaget
- C. Lawrence Kohlberg
- D. James Fowler
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jean Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development, which describes how children develop intellectual abilities through stages like sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Identity vs. role confusion
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Erikson's identity vs. role confusion stage occurs from 12 to 18 years, focusing on developing a personal identity.