Nokea
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Initiate activities and influence environment
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: G
Rationale: Encouraging creativity without labeling behavior as 'bad' supports initiative vs. guilt, allowing children to initiate activities.
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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. You are caring for a 2-year-old child whose mother became a drug addict after the child was born. The child was severely neglected. Which of the following statements represents the best description of this child's psychosocial developmental status?
- A. The child is probably still in the first developmental stage: trust versus mistrust.
- B. The child probably does not feel trusting of people and is in the second developmental stage: autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- C. The child is in the second developmental stage: autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- D. The child has passed the age of the first developmental stage but did not reach the milestone of trust; therefore, he will stay in this stage until he can feel trusting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neglect during infancy likely prevented the child from developing trust (Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage, birth to 18 months), keeping them in this stage despite being 2 years old.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Intimacy vs. isolation
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: Erikson's intimacy vs. isolation stage occurs from 18 to 40 years, where individuals seek close relationships.
Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Individualism and relativism.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, not just focusing to on follow what the rules is but fair to feel good rather about than motives what,
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values and moral principles.
- C. Child equates doing right with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment.
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good and because of respect for laws for authority,
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice,
- F. Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group.
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: In Kohlberg's preconventional level, individualism and relativism (stage 2) involves children focusing on fairness and personal benefit.
Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F)." Lifestyle choices are important for disease prevention.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True, Lifestyle choices (e.g., diet, exercise) are critical for preventing chronic diseases across all ages.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Why is it important for nurses to understand growth and developmental stages?
- A. It is helpful in understanding the patient's actions.
- B. It is important background information.
- C. It helps in planning interventions that will result in the best outcomes.
- D. It is important to teach the patient about what developmental stage he or she is in.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Understanding developmental stages helps nurses interpret patient behaviors and tailor interventions to meet developmental needs, improving outcomes.